midterm review 2 Flashcards
what is emerging adulthood?
a distinct stage in social environment that gives youth an extended social moratorium on identity achievement
SEEKING STABILITY TO SUPPORT ADULTHOOD
is emerging adulthood universal?
no, it varies across cultural and national contexts
varies based off education, work, belief and life options
five distinctive features of emerging adulthood
- identity exploration
- instability in love and work
- self focus
- feeling in between
- optimism to transform life
what is the goal of emerging adulthood ?
to learn to stand alone as a self sufficient person
what defines adulthood ?
adulthood is defined by enduring commitments and independence from parents
what doesn’t bother emerging adulthood ?
instability because its a process of exploration
what gave rise to emerging adulthood ?
technology
sexual revolution
women’s movement
youth movement
what is cognitive development ?
the development of thinking, problem solving, and memory
piaget’s 4 stage theory of cognitive development
sensorimotor
pre operational
concrete operations
formal operations
1st stage sensorimotor
infant
uses it senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment
2nd stage pre operational
pre school child
using language as a means of exploring the world
can result in egocentrisim, conservation, centrism and irreversability
3rd stage concrete operations
school aged child
becomes capable of logical thinking but not abstract thinking
4th stage formal operations
12 years to adult
the emerging adolescent
becomes capable of abstract thinking
what is conservation?
understanding that changing the appearance of an object does not change its nature
what is object permenence?
the knowledge that an object exists even when its not in sight
what is egocentrism?
inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes , doesn’t recognize that others have a different world view
what is the zone of proximal development?
the distance between the most difficult task a child can do alone and the most difficult task the child can do with help
what is scaffolding?
a process in which a more skilled learner provides helps to a less skilled learner
the point is to build a bridge to cross the zone of proximal development
features of play
use language
discuss role, objects and directions
correct each other
learn about ideas and situations
creating social knowledge and adjusting a child’s view of the world
what is executive function?
ability to apply cognitive control; self regulation skills, social skills, self discipline
attachment formation types
secure, insecure, ambivalent, disorganized
secure attachment
Characterized by trust, feels worthy and well liked
– have the most enduring romantic relationships
– Experience highest levels of commitment and of satisfaction with their relationships
insecure/avoidant attachment
Least likely to enter into relationship
– Most likely to report never having been in love
– Maintain emotional distance
- have the lowest level of commitment
ambivalent/anxious attachment
– short-lived romantic relationships
– enter into relationships most quickly, often before they know their partner well
– angry and upset when their love is not reciprocated
disorganized attachment
Failed attachment; disorganized, confused behavior
what is the social baseline theory?
we are hard wired to assume close proximity to those that are like us
we use social proximity as a baseline affect regulation strategy
what is tactuality?
sense of being present and in tune and comfortable with face to face encounters
mcadams level of the person
actor (2-3)
agent (7-9)
author (15-25)
what is actor?
dispositional traits
OCEAN
- openness
- conscientiousness
- extroversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism
what is agent ?
goals and values that turn into motivation,
humans are not social actors and strive to achieve desired ends
what is author ?
the definition of life and understanding yourself and how to live in the world
six developmental trends
coherence
openness
credibility
differentiation
reconciliation
generative integration
what is coherence?
The story makes sense
what is openness?
Tolerance for ambiguity; stories need to be flexible and resilient
what is credibility?
the storyline must be credible and accountable to facts that can be known or found out
what is differentiation?
As the adult matures, the story becomes richer, deeper, more complex
what is reconciliation?
Narrative solutions that provide harmony and integrity of the self
what is generative integration?
The good myth integrates the mythmaker into society in a generative way
motivational themes
values and beliefs that turn into a bias towards agency and communion which established during adolescence
Kohlberg’s levels of morality
preconventional morality
conventional morality
postconventional morality
preconventional morality
behavior is governed by the consequences of behavior
conventional morality
behavior is governed by conforming to society’s norms of behavior; guilt emerges
post conventional morality
behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided by the individual ; may or may not agree with social norms
time perspective
logical sense of the past present and future dependent on trust vs mistrust outcome from infancy
time diffusion
simultaneous sense of great urgency and a sense of missed greatness and fatal loss of useful potentials
