midterm review Flashcards
what are the components of Freud’s iceberg model ?
Conscious - thoughts and perceptions (superego, ego)
Preconscious - memory and stored knowledge (superego, ego)
Unconscious - instinct fears and selfish motives, repressed ideas (superego, ID)
what is the superego?
the ethical component of the personality that provides the moral standards by which the ego operates (conscience)
what is the ego ?
part of you that considers social reality, rules and deciding how to behave
working out realistic ways to support the demands of the ID
enforces reality vs principle
what is the ID?
always there but prominent during infancy, where impulses reside, shaped by experiences
psychosexual stages of development are determined by?
the developing reproductive and biology/sexuality of the child
erogenous zone
an area of the body that produces pleasurable feeling
psychosexual developmental stages
oral (0-18 months)
anal (18-36 months)
phallic (3-6 years)
latent (6 years-puberty)
genital (puberty-death)
oral stage associated fixations
0-18 months
over doing or underdoing
taking away nourishing breast too soon or too late
* leads to conflict of too little or too much satisfaction of oral needs
may lead to oral fixation (smoking, drinking, excessive talking)
anal stage associated fixations
18- 36 months
withholding and releasing feces at will (potty training)
harsh potty training may lead to: explosive vs retentive
anal explosive
* sees messiness as a statement of personal control
* is somewhat destructive and hostile
anal retentive
* fear of making a mess, passive rebellion (refuses to go, retains feces)
* stingy, stubborn adults
phallic stage associated fixations
3-6 years
awakening of sexual feelings and curiosity
- child masturbates
- child discovers difference between sexes
castration anxiety vs penis envy, identifies with same sex parent
if parent attraction is encouraged, results in
- vanity
- promiscuity
- mama’s boy
latent stage associated fixations
6 - puberty
sexual feelings for opposite sex remain hidden
physical social and intellectual growth
cooties era, alot of same sex play
genital stage associated fixations
puberty till death
body is changing, sexual feelings cant be ignored
entry into adult behavior
oedipus complex
boys develop sexual attraction to mother and jealousy of the father
* leading to feeling of anxiety and fear of father
* boy represses sexual feeling and identifies with father , tries to be like him to suppress anxiety
elektra complex
girls develop attraction to father, identifies with mother
* The result of identification is development of the superego, the internalized moral values of the same sex parent
what is erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
people advance through the stages of development based on how they adjust to social crises throughout their lives
ego syntonic?
prosocial development : appropriate response to the situation
Successful achievement of task in crisis leads to growth and success with later tasks
ego dystonic?
maladaptive development : inappropriate behavior or responses against one’s will
Failure to achieve success in a developmental task results in
disapproval by society and difficulty with later tasks
first year crisis
trust vs mistrust
second year crisis
autonomy vs shame and doubt
3-5 year crisis
initiative vs guilt
6 years - puberty crisis
industry vs inferiority
adolescence crisis
identity vs role confusion
young adulthood crisis
intimacy vs isolation
middle adulthood crisis
generativity vs stagnation
late adulthood crisis
integrity vs despair
eriksons ego definition
The individual center of organized experience and planning
eriksons definition of epigenesis
A progression through time of a differentiation of parts that depend on the proper development in the proper sequence of each item
(psychosocial theory)
what is group identity?
A group’s ways of organizing experience
- this is transmitted to an infant in early experiences which shapes the ego
what are the key elements that influence group identity?
- Geographic and historical perspectives/ culture
and - Economic goals and means
The collective life plan, what you strive to be in the future
elements of the ego identity
bodily
sexual
social
occupational
what factors affect the development of the ego identity?
one’s social environment, personal attitudes, parents, and peers.
if adolescents conform to norms of society, they may not achieve their own identity
if people are punished for autonomy they also cant achieve
what is trust?
the cornerstone of a healthy personality
where does erikson stand on personality development?
personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood.
During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome on personality development
social moratorium
the attempt to fit into different roles before choosing a permanent commitment to a new found identity
during the process of discovering the individual self
** Distended because of how complex the world is now so its complex and takes longer to figure things out
agency
the active assertion of the self over and against the surrounding environment, establishing one self
seen through self mastery, status, responsibility, achievement and empowerment
identity consolidation
a process of investing oneself in new adult roles, responsibilities, and contexts and evaluating one’s ongoing experience in order to construct a coherent, grounded, and positive identity
what does the infant stage establish?
a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence
If the care has been inconsistent, unpredictable and unreliable, then the infant may develop a sense of mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety
too much screen time may lead to
Sleep problems. Lower grades in school. Reading fewer books. can lead to conduct disorder
APA’s view on screen time
no screen time at all for children until 18 to 24 months, except for video chatting
kids ages 2 to 5 should get an hour or less of screen time per day.
adolescence
preparing for your life as an adult and functioning in the ecosystem emerging adulthood to find stability in work love and play
