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DPT 762 - Pediatrics I > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

What is the principle of proximal control in development?

A

Child develops control in proximal body parts (e.g., shoulders, hips) before distal ones (e.g., hands, feet).

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3
Q

What is the principle of head control in development?

A

Cephalic (head) control precedes caudal (feet/legs) control.

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4
Q

What is the principle of medial control in development?

A

Control develops first in the central or medial parts of the body before the sides.

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5
Q

What is mobility in the Rood approach?

A

Movement is initiated and maintained.

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6
Q

What is stability in the Rood approach?

A

The body learns to hold positions.

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7
Q

What is controlled mobility in the Rood approach?

A

Moving within a stable position, e.g., weight shifting in quadruped.

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8
Q

What is skill in the Rood approach?

A

Coordinated movement that requires stability, e.g., walking.

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9
Q

What is the prone progression in development?

A

Prone lying → Prone on elbows (3-4 months) → Prone on hands (5 months) → Quadruped (7-8 months) → Crawling (7-9 months) → Creeping (9-11 months).

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10
Q

What is the supine progression in development?

A

Supine lying → Hands to knees/feet (5 months) → Pull to sit (no head lag at 4 months).

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11
Q

What is the rolling progression in development?

A

Begins with non-segmental (log) rolling and progresses to segmental rolling at 5-6 months.

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12
Q

What is the sitting progression in development?

A

Supported sitting at 4 months → Propped sitting at 5 months → Ring sitting at 6 months.

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13
Q

What is the standing progression in development?

A

Supported standing → Pull to stand (7-9 months) → Independent standing (9-10 months) → Cruising.

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14
Q

What is W sitting?

A

Creates a wide base of support but limits trunk rotation and can contribute to orthopedic issues.

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15
Q

What is the fine motor milestone at 4 months?

A

Hands come together to midline.

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16
Q

What is the fine motor milestone at 6 months?

A

Transfers objects from hand to hand.

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17
Q

What is the fine motor milestone at 9-10 months?

A

Begins to hold a bottle.

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18
Q

What is the fine motor milestone at 9-12 months?

A

Pincer grasp develops.

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19
Q

What is the visual development milestone at 1 month?

A

Begins to hold eye contact.

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20
Q

What is the visual development milestone at 3 months?

A

Can track objects and focus.

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21
Q

What is the visual development milestone at 4 months?

A

Full range of colors perceived.

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22
Q

What is the visual development milestone at 7 months?

A

Vision is fully mature.

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23
Q

What motor skills develop at age 2?

A

Non-reciprocal stair climbing begins, running, jumps with two feet.

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24
Q

What motor skills develop at age 3?

A

Rides a tricycle, stands on one foot for 5 seconds, ascends stairs with reciprocal pattern.

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25
Q

What motor skills develop at age 4?

A

Hops on one foot 5x, gallops 10 feet, catches small ball from 5 feet away.

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26
Q

What motor skills develop at age 5?

A

Skips, completes 5 sit-ups, catches ball with hands only.

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27
Q

What motor skills develop at age 6?

A

Completes 8 push-ups, walks forward, backward, and sideways on a beam.

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28
Q

What is POE in infant development?

A

Requires stabilization of the pelvis and head lifting with weight-bearing through the forearms.

29
Q

What is POH in infant development?

A

The infant begins pushing through extended arms. Weight is borne through the hands.

30
Q

What is pivoting in prone locomotion?

A

Coordinated movements of the upper and lower extremities along with lateral trunk flexion allow the child to pivot in prone.

31
Q

What is scooting in prone locomotion?

A

The infant uses the arms to pull forward while the legs may drag behind.

32
Q

What is crawling in prone locomotion?

A

Also known as army crawling where movement is dominated by the arms.

33
Q

What is creeping in prone locomotion?

A

Involves hands and knees crawling with reciprocal limb activation and dissociation of the trunk from the extremities.

34
Q

What is ATNR in supine development?

A

Present at birth, ATNR causes the infant to extend the arm and leg on the side to which the head is turned while flexing the opposite side.

35
Q

What is pull to sit in supine development?

A

By 4 months, there should be no head lag as the cervical and trunk flexors are now engaged.

36
Q

What muscles are activated for hands to feet in supine development?

A

Activates the abdominal muscles, pecs, and serratus anterior.

37
Q

What is non-segmental rolling?

A

The head, trunk, and pelvis move together as a single unit.

38
Q

What is segmental rolling?

A

Involves intra-axial rotation where the head, upper body, and lower body can move independently.

39
Q

What is prop sitting?

A

The infant begins using their arms to prop themselves up.

40
Q

What is ring sitting?

A

The infant relies less on the upper extremities for support.

41
Q

What is cruising?

A

The child walks sideways while holding onto furniture.

42
Q

What is independent standing in infant development?

A

Upper extremities are often in a high guard position (arms up) while the legs are in external rotation.

43
Q

What is early walking like in infant development?

A

Wide base of support, arms in high guard, and typically a lack of heel strike.

44
Q

What are the motor development goals of stepping stones to walking?

A

Control of the body against gravity, maintaining center of mass within the base of support, and intersegmental isolation.

45
Q

What is proximal to distal development?

A

Start with proximal stability before progressing to distal movements.

46
Q

What is facilitation for prone on elbows?

A

Cervical extension and weight-bearing through the forearms.

47
Q

What is facilitation for prone on hands?

A

Upper extremity weight-bearing with elbow extension.

48
Q

What are the benefits of quadruped and creeping?

A

Strengthens proximal control at the hips, shoulders, and trunk.

49
Q

What is hands to midline development?

A

Aids in trunk stabilization and coordination of both hands.

50
Q

What is hands to feet development?

A

Activates core muscles and promotes body awareness.

51
Q

What is the neck righting reflex?

A

Facilitates non-segmental rolling.

52
Q

What is the body righting reflex?

A

Facilitates segmental rolling.

53
Q

What is the automatic stepping reflex?

A

Infant shows a stepping motion when placed in an upright position.

54
Q

What is abasia and astasia?

A

Refers to periods of instability where the infant is not ready to walk.

55
Q

What are the standing strategies for infants?

A

Positive support reflex, pull-to-stand.

56
Q

What is the walking progression in infants?

A

Wide base of support, arms in high guard, foot contact with flat feet.

57
Q

What is TJC accreditation?

A

The Joint Commission accredits hospitals for quality and safety.

58
Q

What is CARF accreditation?

A

Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities accredits rehab programs.

59
Q

What are the goals of acute care for children?

A

Focuses on stabilizing the child medically and preventing loss of function.

60
Q

What is the PT’s role in acute care?

A

Maintaining function and preventing further decline during hospitalization.

61
Q

What are common lines and devices in acute care?

A

IV lines, catheters, feeding tubes, etc.

62
Q

What are pain assessments and treatments in acute care?

A

Pain assessments like FLACC and treatment through positioning.

63
Q

What are the transition/discharge considerations in acute care?

A

Discharge planning, involving family and community resources.

64
Q

What are the goals of inpatient rehab for children?

A

Maximizing recovery through intensive multidisciplinary care.

65
Q

What tests are used in inpatient rehab?

A

Tests like the FIM, cognitive assessments, and balance tests.

66
Q

What is the discharge criteria for inpatient rehab?

A

Achieving functional independence.

67
Q

What is outpatient/day rehab?

A

Less intensive therapy focused on specific activity limitations.

68
Q

What are considerations for outpatient/day rehab?

A

Scheduling, transportation, and insurance considerations.

DPT 762 - Pediatrics I (21 decks)

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