Development / Birth - 1 Year

Question 1

What does the Maturational Theory propose?

Answer 1

A normal developmental sequence common in all children.

Question 2

What is the first principle of developmental direction?

Answer 2

Child moves reflexively first.

Question 3

Which develops first: proximal control or distal control?

Answer 3

Proximal control develops before distal control.

Question 4

Which develops first: gross motor skills or fine motor skills?

Answer 4

Gross motor skills develop before fine motor skills.

Question 5

Which muscles develop anti-gravity control first: flexors or extensors?

Answer 5

Extensors develop anti-gravity control before flexors.

Question 6

What is the sequence of weight-bearing development in arms?

Answer 6

Weight-bearing on flexed arms before extended arms.

Question 7

At what age is a baby typically in the neonatal period?

Answer 7

Birth to 2 weeks.

Question 8

What are key developmental milestones by 3 months?

Answer 8

Lifts head in prone, begins to smile at people.

Question 9

At what age does a baby typically start rolling from prone to supine?

Answer 9

Around 4-6 months.

Question 10

What gross motor skill is typically achieved by 7-9 months?

Answer 10

Crawling (army crawling).

Question 11

At what age does a child typically achieve independent bipedal locomotion?

Answer 11

10-15 months.

Question 12

What fine motor milestone is typically achieved by 6 months?

Answer 12

• Transfers object from one hand to another

Question 13

What is a significant developmental milestone at 2 years?

Answer 13

• jumps off the bottom step,
• begins running with an immature run pattern,
• non-reciprocal stair climbing up four steps with rail,
• reciprocal stair climbing up four steps with rail (2.5 years),
• jumps with two feet,
• tosses and catches a large ball,
• uses body to help catch large ball,
• kicks a stationary gym ball approx six feet.

Question 14

What motor skills are developed by a 3-year-old?

Answer 14

• rides a tricycle,
• stands on one foot for about 5 seconds,
• hops on one foot three times,
• using an underhand toss hits target,
• walks with a heel-toe gait pattern,
• catches ball using body and hands,
• ascends and descends four steps with reciprocal pattern without support

Question 15

What gross motor skill is typical for a 4-year-old?

Answer 15

• hops on one foot approximately 5 times,
• stands on one foot for approx. 10 seconds,
• jumps forward approx. 36 inches,
• stands on tip toes at least 8 seconds,
• gallops 10 feet,
• uses an overhead toss to hit target 12 feet away,
• catches small ball from five feet away

Question 16

At what age does a child typically start skipping?

Answer 16

5 years.

Question 17

What advanced motor skill is developed by a 6-year-old?

Answer 17

• shows advanced throwing pattern,
• rides a 2-wheeled bike
• walks forward, backward, and sideways on a beam
• complete 8 pushups

Question 18

What is the first motor skill developed in the prone position?

Answer 18

Prone lying (0-2 months), dominated by physiologic flexion.

Question 19

At what age does a baby typically begin prone on elbows/forearms?

Answer 19

3-4 months.

Question 20

What motor skill is developed at 5 months in the prone position?

Answer 20

Prone on extended arms, with progression to weight-shifting, and pivot prone

Question 21

What does pivot prone involve?

Answer 21

Swimming motion at 5 months, with mid and lower trunk contact on the surface.

Question 22

At what age does a baby typically achieve quadruped position?

Answer 22

7-8 months.

Question 23

What is the difference between crawling and creeping?

Answer 23

• crawling (7-9 months) involves army crawling
• creeping (9-11 months) involves hands and knees movement

Question 24

What is the significance of plantar-grade creeping?

Answer 24

It’s a transitional movement (bear crawling) used to get to standing from prone.

Question 25

Describe the typical progression through supine lying.

Answer 25

• supine lying
• pull to sitting
• hands to knees and feet
• feet to mouth

Question 26

What motor milestone is associated with propped sitting?

Answer 26

Tripod positioning at 5 months, improved anti-gravity control of neck and trunk.

Question 27

At what age does a child typically start ring sitting?

Answer 27

6 months.

Question 28

What is the significance of weight shifting in independent sitting?

Answer 28

Develops around 6-7 months, allowing reaching outside of BOS.

Question 29

What is the W sitting position and its concerns?

Answer 29

W sitting creates a large base of support but can limit rotational movements and exacerbate orthopedic conditions.

Question 30

What is a key fine motor milestone at 9-12 months?

Answer 30

Development of the mature pincer grasp.

Question 31

At what age does a baby typically start holding a bottle?

Answer 31

Around 9-10 months.

Question 32

What is a significant visual milestone by 4 months?

Answer 32

The baby can see the full range of colors.

Question 33

When does vision typically become fully mature?

Answer 33

Around 7 months.

Question 34

At what age does a baby typically begin to hold eye contact?

Answer 34

Around 1 month.

Question 35

What social milestone is typically reached by 3 months?

Answer 35

Baby starts to smile at people.

Question 36

When does a baby typically start to respond to their name?

Answer 36

Around 6 months.

Question 37

Developmental Progression - Prone

• Prone lying
• ?
• ?
• ?
• ?
• Locomotion in prone

Answer 37

• Prone lying (0-2 months)
• Prone on elbows/forearms (3-4 months)
• Prone on extended arms (5 months)
• Pivot Prone (5 months)
• Quadruped (7-8 months)
• Locomotion in prone (7-9 months)