Development / Birth - 1 Year Flashcards
What does the Maturational Theory propose?
A normal developmental sequence common in all children.
What is the first principle of developmental direction?
Child moves reflexively first.
Which develops first: proximal control or distal control?
Proximal control develops before distal control.
Which develops first: gross motor skills or fine motor skills?
Gross motor skills develop before fine motor skills.
Which muscles develop anti-gravity control first: flexors or extensors?
Extensors develop anti-gravity control before flexors.
What is the sequence of weight-bearing development in arms?
Weight-bearing on flexed arms before extended arms.
At what age is a baby typically in the neonatal period?
Birth to 2 weeks.
What are key developmental milestones by 3 months?
Lifts head in prone, begins to smile at people.
At what age does a baby typically start rolling from prone to supine?
Around 4-6 months.
What gross motor skill is typically achieved by 7-9 months?
Crawling (army crawling).
At what age does a child typically achieve independent bipedal locomotion?
10-15 months.
What fine motor milestone is typically achieved by 6 months?
- Transfers object from one hand to another
What is a significant developmental milestone at 2 years?
- jumps off the bottom step,
- begins running with an immature run pattern,
- non-reciprocal stair climbing up four steps with rail,
- reciprocal stair climbing up four steps with rail (2.5 years),
- jumps with two feet,
- tosses and catches a large ball,
- uses body to help catch large ball,
- kicks a stationary gym ball approx six feet.
What motor skills are developed by a 3-year-old?
- rides a tricycle,
- stands on one foot for about 5 seconds,
- hops on one foot three times,
- using an underhand toss hits target,
- walks with a heel-toe gait pattern,
- catches ball using body and hands,
- ascends and descends four steps with reciprocal pattern without support
What gross motor skill is typical for a 4-year-old?
- hops on one foot approximately 5 times,
- stands on one foot for approx. 10 seconds,
- jumps forward approx. 36 inches,
- stands on tip toes at least 8 seconds,
- gallops 10 feet,
- uses an overhead toss to hit target 12 feet away,
- catches small ball from five feet away
At what age does a child typically start skipping?
5 years.
What advanced motor skill is developed by a 6-year-old?
- shows advanced throwing pattern,
- rides a 2-wheeled bike
- walks forward, backward, and sideways on a beam
- complete 8 pushups
What is the first motor skill developed in the prone position?
Prone lying (0-2 months), dominated by physiologic flexion.
At what age does a baby typically begin prone on elbows/forearms?
3-4 months.
What motor skill is developed at 5 months in the prone position?
Prone on extended arms, with progression to weight-shifting, and pivot prone
What does pivot prone involve?
Swimming motion at 5 months, with mid and lower trunk contact on the surface.
At what age does a baby typically achieve quadruped position?
7-8 months.
What is the difference between crawling and creeping?
- crawling (7-9 months) involves army crawling
- creeping (9-11 months) involves hands and knees movement
What is the significance of plantar-grade creeping?
It’s a transitional movement (bear crawling) used to get to standing from prone.
Describe the typical progression through supine lying.
- supine lying
- pull to sitting
- hands to knees and feet
- feet to mouth
What motor milestone is associated with propped sitting?
Tripod positioning at 5 months, improved anti-gravity control of neck and trunk.
At what age does a child typically start ring sitting?
6 months.
What is the significance of weight shifting in independent sitting?
Develops around 6-7 months, allowing reaching outside of BOS.
What is the W sitting position and its concerns?
W sitting creates a large base of support but can limit rotational movements and exacerbate orthopedic conditions.
What is a key fine motor milestone at 9-12 months?
Development of the mature pincer grasp.
At what age does a baby typically start holding a bottle?
Around 9-10 months.
What is a significant visual milestone by 4 months?
The baby can see the full range of colors.
When does vision typically become fully mature?
Around 7 months.
At what age does a baby typically begin to hold eye contact?
Around 1 month.
What social milestone is typically reached by 3 months?
Baby starts to smile at people.
When does a baby typically start to respond to their name?
Around 6 months.
Developmental Progression - Prone
- Prone lying
- ?
- ?
- ?
- ?
- Locomotion in prone
- Prone lying (0-2 months)
- Prone on elbows/forearms (3-4 months)
- Prone on extended arms (5 months)
- Pivot Prone (5 months)
- Quadruped (7-8 months)
- Locomotion in prone (7-9 months)
