Midterm Qs

Question 1

A group of populations of different species within a given area

Answer 1

A community

Question 2

A fish that changes sexes in response to environmental conditions

Answer 2

Hermaphrodism

Question 3

Responsible for 20% of atmospheric oxygen

Answer 3

Diatoms

Question 4

The character and structure of a stream is defined by

Answer 4

water or current velocity

Question 5

Low primary production occurs in tropical waters due to

Answer 5

Permanent thermal stratification

Question 6

Quaternary consumers are often lower in abundance because

Answer 6

Their trophic level retains less energy

Question 7

What type of service is primary production

Answer 7

Supporting service

Question 8

An example of a regulating service is

Answer 8

Carbon storage

Question 9

What type of service is water purification

Answer 9

Regulating service

Question 10

What are examples of supporting services

Answer 10

photosynthesis, water cycle, nutrient cycling by decomposers, etc.

Question 11

What taxa makes up the bulk of vertebrate biodiversity in freshwater systems?

Answer 11

Ray-finned fish (lobe-finned fish are mostly extinct, except the coelacanths)

Question 12

Reversible phenotypic changes that correspond to environmental changes are considered

Answer 12

Acclimations

Question 13

What are examples of coastal ecosystems

Answer 13

Coral reefs, estuaries, salt marshes

Question 14

What is viviparity in sharks?

Answer 14

They give birth to live young

Question 15

What are reservoirs

Answer 15

Manmade lakes, rather than from natural/geological processes

Question 16

Do mysticetes or odontocetes have more species diversity

Answer 16

Odontocetes (toothed whales, porpoises, dolphins) have more species diversity

Question 17

What is the streamlined structure of aquatic animals an adaptation to?

Answer 17

Viscosity of water

Question 18

What is a fourth order stream?

Answer 18

One of the later streams in order, so bigger

Question 19

What is the smallest order of stream?

Answer 19

First order stream

Question 20

What are catadromous fish?

Answer 20

They migrate to the sea to breed

Question 21

What are anadromous fish?

Answer 21

They migrate to freshwater to breed

Question 22

What are potamodromous fish?

Answer 22

Migrate within freshwater

Question 23

What are diadromous fish?

Answer 23

Migrate between fresh and salt

Question 24

What are oceanodromous fish?

Answer 24

Migrate within saltwater

Question 25

What is a starfish?

Answer 25

An echinoderm, and it actually moves to prey on other species

Question 26

What is a sea anemone or coral?

Answer 26

Cnidarian

Question 27

What does it mean if water is oligotrophic?

Answer 27

Low in nutrients

Question 28

When do dead zones occur?

Answer 28

When the water is eutrophic or hypertrophic leading to algal blooms and then hypoxia or anoxia

Question 29

What is a taxon found only in marine waters?

Answer 29

Echinodermata or Tunicata

Question 30

What is speciation from a barrier?

Answer 30

Allopatric

Question 31

What is speciation from colonization?

Answer 31

Peripatric

Question 32

What is speciation from split habitats in one area?

Answer 32

Parapatric

Question 33

What is speciation from genetic polymorphism?

Answer 33

Sympatric

Question 34

What is a taxon with radial symmetry?

Answer 34

Cnidarians, or echinoderms

Question 35

What is notable about the mandarin duck?

Answer 35

it mates for life, and the females initiate courtship, and they perch on branches

Question 36

What is notable about the little penguin?

Answer 36

it means good little diver and is the smallest species of penguins, with really dense feathers and countershading, they are true diurnal penguins and there are tricky questions with ecotourism

Question 37

What is notable about the giant pacific octopus?

Answer 37

Huge, and can squeeze through almost any gap that is the size of their beak, fight for control over dens and are highly cognitively developed

Question 38

What is notable about the portuguese man of war?

Answer 38

There is no central nervous system or brain, it is a siphonophore so it is made of zooids that combine together, it is pleustic and planktonic with no independent movement, it is free-spawning and left or right handed

Question 39

What is notable about the hawaiian monk seal?

Answer 39

it is very mysterious, spending 2/3 of life at sea, and it only comes on shore for naps or refuge, it is a carnivore generalist and an apex predator, and the mom cares for the young A LOT

Question 40

What is notable about the leafy sea dragon?

Answer 40

Camouflage is its weapon, it is not great at swimming, and thus currents are its greatest "predator," no animal predators are known, the males carry out the pregnancy

Question 41

What is notable about the Atlantic oyster?

Answer 41

It is a bivalve mollusk and gives a lot of ecosystem services, it can filter a lot of water, it is closely tied to the history of New York, and they can fuse together into huge oyster reefs

Question 42

What is notable about the blue sea dragon?

Answer 42

It is a gastropod and a nudibranch that floats on its back and is the size of a grape, it has cerata that hold stinging cells from its prey, might have regenerative heads

Question 43

What is notable about the caribbean reef shark?

Answer 43

Apex predator of coral reefs, keeps prey populations in check, a good sign that the ecosystem is healthy

Question 44

What is notable about the Manta Ray?

Question 45

What is notable about the Blue Whale?

Question 46

What is notable about the Spring Peeper Frog?