Aquatic Diversity and Adaptations Flashcards
Serial Endosymbiosis Theory
The idea that eukaryotic cells formed organelles by ingesting and appropriating bacterial cells
Autotrophic
Self-feeding, rely on carbon dioxide as the primary source of carbon to build cells
Heterotrophic
Other feeding, acquire carbon for cells from organic carbon
Photoautotrophic
Light used as the energy source to obtain organic carbon from CO2
Chemoautotrophic
The use of chemical energy to obtain organic carbon from CO2
Saprophytes or Detritivores
Heterotrophs that decompose organic carbon
Functional Feeding Groups
Classifications used to describe the functional roles of organisms in aquatic food webs // UNLIKE dietary guilds, organisms of the same group do not need to use the same resources
Filterers
Organisms that sieve particles from the water column
Passive Filterers
Organisms that build nets or have morphological features that filter particles out of flowing waters
Active Filterers
Organisms that actively pump water or create currents
Collectors
Organisms that acquire their nutrition from small organic particles in the benthos // eat FPOM
Shredders
Organisms that break up larger organic materials (like decaying leaves) for their nutrition // eat CPOM
Scrapers
Organisms that remove biofilms from hard benthic substrata
Engulfing Predators
Organisms that swallow prey whole or bite off chunks
Piercing Predators
Organisms that pierce their prey and suck bodily fluids from them
Gougers
Invertebrates that burrow into waterlogged limbs and trunks of fallen trees
Grazers/Herbivores
Primary consumers that eat algae and plants or sometimes bacteria
Carnivores
Secondary consumers that eat other consumers
Top Carnivores, or Apex Predators
Consumers that are not eaten by larger animals
Greatest Amount of Metabolic Diversity
In Bacteria and Archaea
Greatest Amount of Behavioral and Morphological Diversity
In Eukarya
Feeding by Fishes
Most fishes feed by means of suction and ram feeding
Suction Feeding
The rapid opening and closing of the mouth cavity
Gill Rakers
A sieve through which water, but not prey, moves // Used by suction feeders to capture smaller prey like zooplankton
