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2nd SEM > MIDTERM NUTRI > Flashcards

MIDTERM NUTRI Flashcards

exam

1
Q

lipids are a family of what compounds

A

triglycerides (fats and oils)
phospholipids
sterols

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2
Q

the term that is often used to refer to all lipids;
refers to lipids in foods or the body.

A

fats

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3
Q

fats that are liquid at room temperature

A

oils

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4
Q

an organic compound composed of a carbon chain with hydrogens attached and an acid group at one end;
end product of fat metabolism

A

fatty acids

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5
Q

composed of single bond;
solid at room temperature

A

saturated fatty acids

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6
Q

abundant in animal fat, and coconut and palm oil

A

saturated fatty acids

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7
Q

composed of double bond and usually liquid at room temp

A

unsaturated fatty acids

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8
Q

unsaturated fatty acids are abundant in?

A

plant oils

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9
Q

refers to fats that are plain to see

A

visible fats

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10
Q

visible or invisible fat:
butter

A

visible

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11
Q

visible or invisible fat:
oils

A

visible

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12
Q

visible or invisible fat:
margarine

A

visible

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13
Q

visible or invisible fat:
cheese

A

invisible

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14
Q

visible or invisible fat:
egg yolk

A

invisible

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15
Q

visible or invisible fat:
cream

A

invisible

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16
Q

fats that are unseen

A

invisible fats

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17
Q

fatty acids that are found in seafoods;
known to be thrombotic

A

omega 3 fatty acids

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18
Q

fatty acids that has potential role as one of the risk factors for CVD

A

trans fatty acids

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19
Q

functions of fats

A
  1. Source of energy
  2. Component of body cells
  3. Insulation and padding
  4. Provide satiety value
  5. Contribute to palatability of foods
  6. Protein sparer
  7. Carrier of fat-soluble vitamins
  8. Source of essential fatty acids
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20
Q

visible or invisible fats:
animal fats

A

visible fats

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21
Q

saturated or unsaturated fats:
safflower, corn, cottonseed, sesame, sunflower and soybeans oils

A

unsaturated fats

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22
Q

saturated or unsaturated fats:
butterfat, whole milk, ice cream, egg yolk, bacon, lard, chocolates

A

saturated fats

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23
Q

1g fat = ? kcal

A

9 kcal

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24
Q

in relation to oral health, high concentrations of fatty acids may interfere with the growth of

A

cariogenic bacteria

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25
Q

what is the relation between fats and oral health

A

fats coating the tooth surface with an oily substance

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26
Q

nonmeasurable water loss

A

insensible water loss

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27
Q

water that is lost when air is expired from the lungs or when water vapor escapes the skin’s surface

A

insensible water loss

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28
Q

measurable water loss

A

sensible water loss

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29
Q

water that is lost with urine, feces, and sweat

A

sensible water loss

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30
Q

water that is derived from the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat

A

metabolic water

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31
Q

water and dissolved substances occupying spaces outside the cells

A

extracellular fluid

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32
Q

water and dissolved substances contained within the cell

A

intracellular fluid

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33
Q

functions of water

A
  1. Universal solvent
  2. Solvent and transporter of waste products of metabolism
  3. Regulates body temperature
  4. Acts as lubricant
    ⤷ saliva
    ⤷ fluid
    ⤷ synovial fluid
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34
Q

achieved when water intake is equal to water output

A

water balance

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35
Q

when water intake is greater than water output

A

edema

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36
Q

when water intake is less than water output

A

dehydration

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37
Q

sources of water intake

A

metabolic water
water content of foods
free water
beverages

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38
Q

water output

A

urine
sweat
insensible water loss
water in feces

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39
Q

channel of excretion of water output

A

kidney
skin
lungs
feces

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40
Q

an adequate guide for water requirement

A

thirst

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41
Q

antidiuretic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland;
when water needs to be conserved

A

vasopressin

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42
Q

promotes the reabsorption of sodium;
stimulate the secretion of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin

A

aldosterone

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43
Q

our body has provision for water storage

A

false,
Body has no provision for water storage

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44
Q

recommended water intake

A

1 ml/kcal – adults
1.5ml/kcal – infants

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45
Q

a type of water that came from the direct source
(water from the faucet)

A

tap water

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46
Q

a type of water drawn from a natural source of water, that flows up from the ground under pressure

A

spring water

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47
Q

a type of water that has been thoroughly processed to remove minerals and impurities

A

purified water

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48
Q

a type of water containing minerals or other dissolved substances that alter its taste or give it therapeutic value

A

mineral water

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49
Q

a type of water consisting of vapor distilled, deionized, and/or reverse osmosis filtered water

A

vitamin water

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50
Q

these are electrically charged;
can be simple inorganic salts of sodium, potassium or magnesium or complex organic molecules.

A

electrolytes

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51
Q

ACID-BASE BALANCE DISORDERS

may occur in prolonged vomiting which causes a great loss of hydrochloric acid

A

alkalosis

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52
Q

ACID-BASE BALANCE DISORDERS

has been seen in individuals on antacid therapy

A

alkalosis

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53
Q

ACID-BASE BALANCE DISORDERS

a reduction in the normal pH of blood

A

acidosis

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54
Q

ACID-BASE BALANCE DISORDERS

may occur in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and obese individuals on very low calorie diet

A

acidosis

55
Q

diet indicated for diarrhea

A

BRAT diet

56
Q

what is BRAT diet

A

banana
rice gruel
apple
toast

57
Q

diet indicated for renal stones;
a diet to acidify the urine

A

acid-ash diet

58
Q

what is consumed in acid-ash diet

A

meat
fish
eggs

59
Q

diet indicated for uric acid and cystine stones;
attempts to alter the pH balance in your body

A

alkaline-ash diet

60
Q

what is consumed in alkaline-ash diet

A

fruits
veggies

61
Q

Vitamins are ______, _________, __________, _______ nutrients needed from foods in trace amounts to perform specific functions that promote ______, _____________ and the ___________ of health and life

A

potent
essential
noncaloric
organic
growth
reproduction
maintenance

Vitamins are potent, essential, noncaloric, organic nutrients needed from foods in trace
amounts to perform specific functions that promote growth, reproduction and the maintenance
of health and life

62
Q

vitamins provide energy

A

false,
They do not provide energy but are necessary in releasing energy from foods

63
Q

what type of vitamins are stored in excess of allowance

A

fat-soluble vitamins

64
Q

what type of vitamins are excreted in excess of allowance

A

water-soluble vitamins

65
Q

what type of vitamins have deficiencies that are slow to develop

A

fat-soluble vitamins

66
Q

what type of vitamins have deficiencies that develop rapidly

A

water-soluble vitamins

67
Q

what type of vitamins are necessary to be included in everyday diet

A

water-soluble vitamins

68
Q

what type of vitamins are excreted through feces

A

fat-soluble vitamins

69
Q

vitamin C is also known as?
because it prevents what nutritional disease

A

antiscorbutic acid
SCURVY

70
Q

this vitamin functions for collagen formation, wound healing, antioxidant, body resistance to infections

A

Vitamin C

71
Q

what vitamin

deficiency of this vitamin affects oral health

A

vitamin C

72
Q

name the vitamin

also known as antineurotic vitamin

A

Thiamin (B1)

73
Q

name the vitamin

supports the normal appetite;
supports the normal function of the heart, nerves and muscles

A

Thiamin (B1)

74
Q

name the vitamin

Helps the body produce energy from carbohydrate, protein and fats;
Supports normal vision and skin health

A

Riboflavin (B2)

75
Q

name the vitamin

Only water soluble vitamin that requires precursor

A

Niacin

76
Q

name the vitamin

helps the body release energy from carbs, fats and protein;
for healthy skin;
keeps the normal activity of stomach

A

Niacin

77
Q

name the vitamin

helps body use amino acids to form tissue proteins;
helps make RBC;
helps convert tryptophan to niacin

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

78
Q

name the vitamin

helps in the formation of new cells including RBC;
helps maintain nerve cells

A

Cobalamin (B12)

79
Q

name the vitamin

essential in the formation of new cells;
supports normal maturity of RBC

A

Folate

80
Q

name the vitamin

helps the body turn food into energy;
required in making fatty acids, AA and purine;
needed for the formation of glycogen in muscle and liver

A

Biotin

81
Q

name the vitamin

helps release energy in the body;
helps make fatty acids and cholesterol

A

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

82
Q

precursor of vitamin A

A

beta-carotene

83
Q

functions primarily for growth;
alcohol form of Vitamin A

A

retinol

84
Q

responsible for vision;
aldehyde form of vitamin A

A

retinal

85
Q

responsible for reproduction;
acid form of vitamin A

A

retinoic acid

86
Q

retinal + opsin

A

rhodopsin

87
Q

the visual purple that allows someone to see in dim light

A

rhodopsin

88
Q

name the vitamin

for normal eyesight, especially in dim light

A

vitamin A

89
Q

name the vitamin

for strong immune sytem by keeping the outer skin as well as the kin that lines the respiratory tract

A

vitamin A

90
Q

name the vitamin

maintains the integrity of epithelial tissues, especially the mucus membrane

A

vitamin A

91
Q

name the vitamin

helps prevent cancer because is functions as an antioxidant

A

vitamin A

92
Q

chemical compound found in plant sources of vitamin A

A

phytochemicals

93
Q

name the vitamin

needed for bone and skeletal growth

A

vitamin A

94
Q

the first sign of vitamin A deficiency affecting the eye

A

night blindness

95
Q

the buildup of keratin located superficially in the conjugativa of human’s eyes;
oval or triangular or irregular in shape

A

bitot’s spots

96
Q

abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, with inflammation and ridge formation

A

xerophthalmia

97
Q

dryness of the conjugativa

A

xerosis

98
Q

a small crater on the front part of the eye

A

conreal ulcer

99
Q

most common effect on the toxic symptoms of vitamin A

A

headaches

100
Q

what source of vitamin A contain beta-carotene

A

plant sources

101
Q

what source of vitamin A contain retinol

A

animal sources

102
Q

vitamin A recommended requirement

A

550mcg – male
500mcg – female

103
Q

vitamin D is also known as?

A

calciferol
cholecalciferol

104
Q

precursor of vitamin D

A

7-dehydrocholesterol

105
Q

name the vitamin

for proper absorption of calcium and phosphorus;
stimulates retention of kidneys;
for strong bones and teeth

A

vitamin D

106
Q

name the vitamin

deficiency sffects primarily the bones

A

vitamin D

107
Q

characterized by bowed legs, knocked knee, weak and soft bones, and stunted growth

A

rickets

108
Q

this results in softening of bones;
adult form of rickets

A

osteomalacia

109
Q

characterized by porous bones, as a result, fracture is possible

A

osteoporosis

110
Q

1st dental change when vitamin D deficiency occurs during tooth development and calcification

A

enamel hypoplasia

111
Q

the earliest sign of deficiency in vitamin D

A

appearance of calciotraumatic line in the dentin

112
Q

name the vitamin

sources can be found through self-synthesis with sunlight, fortified milk, butter, margarine, cereal, egg, etc

A

vitamin D

113
Q

name the vitamin

least toxic

A

vitamin E

114
Q

name the vitamin

primary function is as an antioxidant

A

vitamin E

115
Q

name the vitamin

tocopherol

A

vitamin E

116
Q

name the vitamin

helps the body neutralize harmful substances that can cause heart disease

A

vitamin E

117
Q

name the vitamin

phylloquinone
menaquinone

A

vitamin K

118
Q

name the vitamin

essential for blood clot

A

vitamin K

119
Q

a protein found in bones;
the second most abundant type of protein in bones

A

osteocalcin

120
Q

name the vitamin

required for the growth of bacteriodes melaninogenicus

A

vitamin K

121
Q

name the vitamin

source: bacterial synthesis in the digestive tract, liver, milk, vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, eggs, meat

A

vitamin K

122
Q

these are inorganic elements that remain ash when food is burned and they make up about 4% in body weight

A

minerals

123
Q

also known as major minerals

A

macrominerals
(greater than 5g/day)

124
Q

aka trace minerals

A

microminerals
(less than 5g/day)

125
Q

protein involved in blood clotting

A

fibrin

126
Q

name the mineral

most abundant mineral in the body

A

calcium

127
Q

name the mineral

bone formation;
tooth formation;
blood coagulation;
nerve impulse transmission;
muscle contraction;
blood pressure control

A

calcium

128
Q

name the mineral

metabolic twin of calcium

A

phosphorus

129
Q

name the mineral

mineralization of bones and teeth;
an essential part of atp;

A

phosphorus

130
Q

name the mineral

regulates water and acid-base balance;
concentrated inside the cells

A

potassium

131
Q

name the mineral

major extracellular anion;
most abundant mineral in diet

A

sodium

132
Q

name the mineral

second most abundant intracellular cation;
present in both enamel and dentin

A

magnesium

133
Q

name the mineral

widely distributed in the body;
concentrated in gastric juice;
needed for digestion

A

chloride

2nd SEM (16 decks)

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