MIDTERM NUTRI Flashcards
exam
1
Q
lipids are a family of what compounds
A
triglycerides (fats and oils)
phospholipids
sterols
2
Q
the term that is often used to refer to all lipids;
refers to lipids in foods or the body.
A
fats
3
Q
fats that are liquid at room temperature
A
oils
4
Q
an organic compound composed of a carbon chain with hydrogens attached and an acid group at one end;
end product of fat metabolism
A
fatty acids
5
Q
composed of single bond;
solid at room temperature
A
saturated fatty acids
6
Q
abundant in animal fat, and coconut and palm oil
A
saturated fatty acids
7
Q
composed of double bond and usually liquid at room temp
A
unsaturated fatty acids
8
Q
unsaturated fatty acids are abundant in?
A
plant oils
9
Q
refers to fats that are plain to see
A
visible fats
10
Q
visible or invisible fat:
butter
A
visible
11
Q
visible or invisible fat:
oils
A
visible
12
Q
visible or invisible fat:
margarine
A
visible
13
Q
visible or invisible fat:
cheese
A
invisible
14
Q
visible or invisible fat:
egg yolk
A
invisible
15
Q
visible or invisible fat:
cream
A
invisible
16
Q
fats that are unseen
A
invisible fats
17
Q
fatty acids that are found in seafoods;
known to be thrombotic
A
omega 3 fatty acids
18
Q
fatty acids that has potential role as one of the risk factors for CVD
A
trans fatty acids
19
Q
functions of fats
A
- Source of energy
- Component of body cells
- Insulation and padding
- Provide satiety value
- Contribute to palatability of foods
- Protein sparer
- Carrier of fat-soluble vitamins
- Source of essential fatty acids
20
Q
visible or invisible fats:
animal fats
A
visible fats
21
Q
saturated or unsaturated fats:
safflower, corn, cottonseed, sesame, sunflower and soybeans oils
A
unsaturated fats
22
Q
saturated or unsaturated fats:
butterfat, whole milk, ice cream, egg yolk, bacon, lard, chocolates
A
saturated fats
23
Q
1g fat = ? kcal
A
9 kcal
24
Q
in relation to oral health, high concentrations of fatty acids may interfere with the growth of
A
cariogenic bacteria
25
what is the relation between fats and oral health
fats coating the tooth surface with an oily substance
26
nonmeasurable water loss
insensible water loss
27
water that is lost when air is expired from the lungs or when water vapor escapes the skin's surface
insensible water loss
28
measurable water loss
sensible water loss
29
water that is lost with urine, feces, and sweat
sensible water loss
30
water that is derived from the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat
metabolic water
31
water and dissolved substances occupying spaces outside the cells
extracellular fluid
32
water and dissolved substances contained within the cell
intracellular fluid
33
functions of water
1. Universal solvent
2. Solvent and transporter of waste products of metabolism
3. Regulates body temperature
4. Acts as lubricant
⤷ saliva
⤷ fluid
⤷ synovial fluid
34
achieved when water intake is equal to water output
water balance
35
when water intake is greater than water output
edema
36
when water intake is less than water output
dehydration
37
sources of water intake
metabolic water
water content of foods
free water
beverages
38
water output
urine
sweat
insensible water loss
water in feces
39
channel of excretion of water output
kidney
skin
lungs
feces
40
an adequate guide for water requirement
thirst
41
**antidiuretic hormone** secreted by the pituitary gland;
when water needs to be conserved
vasopressin
42
promotes the reabsorption of sodium;
stimulate the secretion of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin
aldosterone
43
our body has provision for water storage
false,
Body has no provision for water storage
44
recommended water intake
1 ml/kcal -- adults
1.5ml/kcal -- infants
45
a type of water that came from the direct source
(water from the faucet)
tap water
46
a type of water drawn from a natural source of water, that flows up from the ground under pressure
spring water
47
a type of water that has been thoroughly processed to remove minerals and impurities
purified water
48
a type of water containing minerals or other dissolved substances that alter its taste or give it therapeutic value
mineral water
49
a type of water consisting of vapor distilled, deionized, and/or reverse osmosis filtered water
vitamin water
50
these are electrically charged;
can be simple inorganic salts of sodium, potassium or magnesium or complex organic molecules.
electrolytes
51
# ACID-BASE BALANCE DISORDERS
may occur in prolonged vomiting which causes a great loss of hydrochloric acid
alkalosis
52
# ACID-BASE BALANCE DISORDERS
has been seen in individuals on antacid therapy
alkalosis
53
# ACID-BASE BALANCE DISORDERS
a reduction in the normal pH of blood
acidosis
54
# ACID-BASE BALANCE DISORDERS
may occur in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and obese individuals on very low calorie diet
acidosis
55
diet indicated for diarrhea
BRAT diet
56
what is BRAT diet
banana
rice gruel
apple
toast
57
diet indicated for renal stones;
a diet to acidify the urine
acid-ash diet
58
what is consumed in acid-ash diet
meat
fish
eggs
59
diet indicated for uric acid and cystine stones;
attempts to alter the pH balance in your body
alkaline-ash diet
60
what is consumed in alkaline-ash diet
fruits
veggies
61
Vitamins are ______, _________, __________, _______ nutrients needed from foods in trace amounts to perform specific functions that promote ______, _____________ and the ___________ of health and life
potent
essential
noncaloric
organic
growth
reproduction
maintenance
Vitamins are potent, essential, noncaloric, organic nutrients needed from foods in trace
amounts to perform specific functions that promote growth, reproduction and the maintenance
of health and life
62
vitamins provide energy
false,
They do not provide energy but are necessary in releasing energy from foods
63
what type of vitamins are stored in excess of allowance
fat-soluble vitamins
64
what type of vitamins are excreted in excess of allowance
water-soluble vitamins
65
what type of vitamins have deficiencies that are slow to develop
fat-soluble vitamins
66
what type of vitamins have deficiencies that develop rapidly
water-soluble vitamins
67
what type of vitamins are necessary to be included in everyday diet
water-soluble vitamins
68
what type of vitamins are excreted through feces
fat-soluble vitamins
69
vitamin C is also known as?
because it prevents what nutritional disease
antiscorbutic acid
SCURVY
70
this vitamin functions for collagen formation, wound healing, antioxidant, body resistance to infections
Vitamin C
71
# what vitamin
deficiency of this vitamin affects oral health
vitamin C
72
# name the vitamin
also known as antineurotic vitamin
Thiamin (B1)
73
# name the vitamin
supports the normal appetite;
supports the normal function of the heart, nerves and muscles
Thiamin (B1)
74
# name the vitamin
Helps the body produce energy from carbohydrate, protein and fats;
Supports normal vision and skin health
Riboflavin (B2)
75
# name the vitamin
Only water soluble vitamin that requires precursor
Niacin
76
# name the vitamin
helps the body release energy from carbs, fats and protein;
for healthy skin;
keeps the normal activity of stomach
Niacin
77
# name the vitamin
helps body use amino acids to form tissue proteins;
helps make RBC;
helps convert tryptophan to niacin
Pyridoxine (B6)
78
# name the vitamin
helps in the formation of new cells including RBC;
helps maintain nerve cells
Cobalamin (B12)
79
# name the vitamin
essential in the formation of new cells;
supports normal maturity of RBC
Folate
80
# name the vitamin
helps the body turn food into energy;
required in making fatty acids, AA and purine;
needed for the formation of glycogen in muscle and liver
Biotin
81
# name the vitamin
helps release energy in the body;
helps make fatty acids and cholesterol
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
82
precursor of vitamin A
beta-carotene
83
functions primarily for growth;
alcohol form of Vitamin A
retinol
84
responsible for vision;
aldehyde form of vitamin A
retinal
85
responsible for reproduction;
acid form of vitamin A
retinoic acid
86
retinal + opsin
rhodopsin
87
the visual purple that allows someone to see in dim light
rhodopsin
88
# name the vitamin
for normal eyesight, especially in dim light
vitamin A
89
# name the vitamin
for strong immune sytem by keeping the outer skin as well as the kin that lines the respiratory tract
vitamin A
90
# name the vitamin
maintains the integrity of epithelial tissues, especially the mucus membrane
vitamin A
91
# name the vitamin
helps prevent cancer because is functions as an antioxidant
vitamin A
92
chemical compound found in plant sources of vitamin A
phytochemicals
93
# name the vitamin
needed for bone and skeletal growth
vitamin A
94
the first sign of vitamin A deficiency affecting the eye
night blindness
95
the buildup of keratin located superficially in the conjugativa of human's eyes;
oval or triangular or irregular in shape
bitot's spots
96
abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, with inflammation and ridge formation
xerophthalmia
97
dryness of the conjugativa
xerosis
98
a small crater on the front part of the eye
conreal ulcer
99
most common effect on the toxic symptoms of vitamin A
headaches
100
what source of vitamin A contain beta-carotene
plant sources
101
what source of vitamin A contain retinol
animal sources
102
vitamin A recommended requirement
550mcg -- male
500mcg -- female
103
vitamin D is also known as?
calciferol
cholecalciferol
104
precursor of vitamin D
7-dehydrocholesterol
105
# name the vitamin
for proper absorption of calcium and phosphorus;
stimulates retention of kidneys;
for strong bones and teeth
vitamin D
106
# name the vitamin
deficiency sffects primarily the bones
vitamin D
107
characterized by bowed legs, knocked knee, weak and soft bones, and stunted growth
rickets
108
this results in softening of bones;
adult form of rickets
osteomalacia
109
characterized by porous bones, as a result, fracture is possible
osteoporosis
110
1st dental change when vitamin D deficiency occurs during tooth development and calcification
enamel hypoplasia
111
the earliest sign of deficiency in vitamin D
appearance of calciotraumatic line in the dentin
112
# name the vitamin
sources can be found through self-synthesis with sunlight, fortified milk, butter, margarine, cereal, egg, etc
vitamin D
113
# name the vitamin
least toxic
vitamin E
114
# name the vitamin
primary function is as an antioxidant
vitamin E
115
# name the vitamin
tocopherol
vitamin E
116
# name the vitamin
helps the body neutralize harmful substances that can cause heart disease
vitamin E
117
# name the vitamin
phylloquinone
menaquinone
vitamin K
118
# name the vitamin
essential for blood clot
vitamin K
119
a protein found in bones;
the second most abundant type of protein in bones
osteocalcin
120
# name the vitamin
required for the growth of bacteriodes melaninogenicus
vitamin K
121
# name the vitamin
source: bacterial synthesis in the digestive tract, liver, milk, vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, eggs, meat
vitamin K
122
these are inorganic elements that remain ash when food is burned and they make up about 4% in body weight
minerals
123
also known as major minerals
macrominerals
(greater than 5g/day)
124
aka trace minerals
microminerals
(less than 5g/day)
125
protein involved in blood clotting
fibrin
126
# name the mineral
most abundant mineral in the body
calcium
127
# name the mineral
bone formation;
tooth formation;
blood coagulation;
nerve impulse transmission;
muscle contraction;
blood pressure control
calcium
128
# name the mineral
metabolic twin of calcium
phosphorus
129
# name the mineral
mineralization of bones and teeth;
an essential part of atp;
phosphorus
130
# name the mineral
regulates water and acid-base balance;
concentrated inside the cells
potassium
131
# name the mineral
major extracellular anion;
most abundant mineral in diet
sodium
132
# name the mineral
second most abundant intracellular cation;
present in both enamel and dentin
magnesium
133
# name the mineral
widely distributed in the body;
concentrated in gastric juice;
needed for digestion
chloride
