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Adult Development > Midterm- Lecture 5 (Ch 3 Cont) > Flashcards

Midterm- Lecture 5 (Ch 3 Cont) Flashcards

1
Q

What is PEO?

A

Person

Environment

Occupation

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2
Q

Person + occupation + environment =?

A

Occupational performance

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3
Q

What does the OT seek to understand about person (client)?

A

Who the person is

What does the person want

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4
Q

What does the OT seek to understand about the occupation of the client?

A

What activities the person wants to do

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5
Q

What does the OT seek to understand about environment of the client?

A

Where do the occupations take place

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6
Q

What is cardiovascular disease?

A

Atherosclerosis- coronary arteries slowly develop a dangerous accumulation of plaque and is caused by inflammation

Leading cause of death and disability in men and women in the US

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7
Q

What are non modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A

Being older than 50

Family history

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8
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A

Sedentary lifestyle

Diabetes

High cholesterol

High blood pressure

Obesity

Tobacco use

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9
Q

What is the second leading cause of death for men and women?

A

Cancer

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10
Q

What is the epigenetic inheritance?

A

Major cause of cancer

Environmental events that cause changes in gene expression

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11
Q

What are non modifiable risk factors for cancer?

A

Being older than 50

Family history

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12
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for cancer?

A

Tobacco use

Unhealthy diet

Chemical exposure/ radiation in work place

STD

Sedentary lifestyle

Obesity

Excessive alcohol use

Unprotected exposure to strong sunlight

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13
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Disease in which the body is unable to metabolize insulin

Increased risk in acquiring another chronic condition (heart/ kidney disease, amputations, blindness, premature death, birth defects)

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of diabetes and explain?

A

Type 1- appears in childhood or adulthood

Type 2-

  • 90% of diabetes
  • adult onset
  • major cause of death and disability in US (older and middle aged adults)

18 million get medical care for diabetes

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15
Q

What are non modifiable risk factors for diabetes?

A

Being older than 45

Family history

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16
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for diabetes?

A

Obesity

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Sedentary lifestyle

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17
Q

What are the roles of an OT with a client with diabetes?

A

Look at modifiable risk factors

Address the influence of physical and social environments (low income etc)

Focus on biological and physiological components of disease process

Social interactions need to be addressed

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18
Q

What is dementia?

A

Characterized by a decline of information processing abilities accompanied by changes in personality and behavior

Umbrella term for progressive disorder of cognition

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19
Q

What aspects of occupational function does dementia affect?

A

All aspects:

Problems with managing home situation

Safety

Unsafe behavior

Level of care/ support needed

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20
Q

How can you determine dementia from normal aging?

A

Dementia changes interfere with day to day activities

Normal changes of aging- slower to process info, hearing/ vision/ motor speed decreases

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21
Q

What are common types of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

Vascular dementia- stoke or TIA

Lewy body dementia- have hallucinations

Frontotemporarl (FTD)- frontal and temporal lobe shrink effecting behavior, language, personality, movement etc

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22
Q

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

5th leading cause of death for people 65 and older

Abnormal Brian tissue- progressive and irreversible deterioration of key areas of the brain

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23
Q

What is a precursor for Alzheimer’s?

A

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

24
Q

What is the 1st stage of Alzheimer’s?

A

Mild

Forgetfulness- names, words, addresses, shopping items

Main deficit in recent memory

Intellectual deficits confirmed by neuropsychological testing

Some awareness of their symptoms- can lead to anxiety, depression, and denial

No distinguishing features on physical exam

26
Q

What is the 2nd stage of Alzheimer’s?

A

Moderate

Significant memory loss

Personality and behavioral changes

Language becomes problematic

Self neglect, disorientation in time and space, disinhibition

Inability to undertake simple tasks

Intellectual deficits

27
Q

What is disinhibition in stage 2 of Alzheimer’s?

A

Lack of restraint that manifested in disregard for social convention (impulsivity/ poor risk management)

29
Q

What is the 3rd stage of Alzheimer’s?

A

Severe

Dysphasia with disoriented and fragmented speech

Aggression, hallucination and delusions

Immobility

Rigidity and recurrent falls

General physical deterioration

30
Q

What are the non modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s?

A

Being over 50

Head injury

Family history

30
Q

What are the modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s?

A

High cholesterol

High blood pressure

Sedentary lifestyle

Tobacco use

Obesity

31
Q

What role does an OT play?

A

Assessment focuses most helpfully in needed and desired occupations of daily life

Enabling optimal health and well work through engagement in meaningful activity

Advocate for a persons right to autonomy

Using meaningful activity to enable optimal participation in daily life

Environmental modifications, support of occupational performance through compensatory strategies and support informal caregivers

31
Q

What percent in the US have experienced a mental health disorder in their lifetime?

A

46%

32
Q

What are anxiety disorders?

A

Fear, threat, dread when no obvious danger is present

Most common mental health disorder in adults

Females suffer from them more

Types:

  • phobias
  • PTSD
  • OCD
33
Q

What are phobias?

A

Most common form of anxiety

Are fears and avoidance routines of proportion of the danger present

34
Q

What is PTSD?

A

An emotional reaction experienced repeatedly to a traumatic event that happened in the past

35
Q

What is OCD?

A

Involves guilt and anxiety offer certain thoughts or impulses

36
Q

What is a mood disorder?

A

Loss in sense of control over emotions

Resulting in feeling of distress

2nd most common mental health disorder for adults in US

Females suffer from this more

Can be caused by other chronic health conditions

37
Q

What is major depression?

A

Long term, pervasive sense of sadness and hopelessness

Most common in adults- around 30

Lower in older adults

Usually from another chronic disease (Alzheimer’s)

38
Q

What re depressive symptoms?

A

Symptoms are not as severe or as long lasting as with major depression

Older adults exhibit higher rates of depression than middle age adults

Indicated by chronic conditions, death of a spouse/ friend

39
Q

What is the geriatric depression scale?

A

Opening diagnostic tool used to see if some suffers from depression

Valid and reliable

Definitive link between someone being able to function and depression

Depression can lead to diminished functional ability

Loss of function can attribute to depression

40
Q

What is the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CESD)?

A

Screening test for depression and depressive disorder

Has 20 items that measure symptoms of depression in 9 different groups

41
Q

What are impulse control disorders?

A

Affects a persons judgment or ability to control strong and often harmful impulses

Many start in childhood with kids that have ADHD and is carried over to adults

OTs need to be aware of someone’s childhood

Prevalent in males

42
Q

What is a substance abuse disorder?

A

Abuse or dependence on drugs/ alcohol

Presented at age 27

Alcohol is most common

Alcohol abuse- 79,000 deaths in US each year and $224 billion in lost productivity

43
Q

What is the process of OT intervention?

A

Info gathering

Battery of assessments (tests)

Functional assessment

Support and education

44
Q

What percentage of people seek treatment?

A

40%

1/3 get treatment they need

1/3 people go to alternative medicine

45
Q

What is assistive tech?

A

Products that improve the QOL and independence for adults with age related disabilities

46
Q

What are assistance animals?

A

Animals that help people with disabilities be more independent

Used for comfort and to calm

47
Q

How does a persons lifestyle effect individual health?

A

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle can put you at risk for diseases and mental health disorders

48
Q

How does a persons gender effect individual health?

A

Different patterns for men and women

Women- love longer but acquire same health problems as men at a later problem

Partly biological and environmental

49
Q

What race and ethnicity has the worst health to best health?

A

Best-
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

Worst- American Indians and Alaskan native

50
Q

What race ethnicity has the best life expectancy and worst life expectancy?

A

Best- non Hispanic whites (have anxiety, mood and substance abuse disorders)

Worse- American Indians and Alaskan native

Non Hispanic blacks have worse life expectancy than whites

51
Q

What ethnicity has the highest rates of death from heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, HIV, homicides in the US?

A

Non Hispanic blacks

52
Q

What are type A personality individuals at risk for?

A

Coronary artery disease

53
Q

What are hostile people more at risk for?

A

Increased HR and BP

Cardiovascular disease

Premature deaths

54
Q

What are optimists less likely to suffer from?

A

Serious physical illness or premature deaths

55
Q

What are the aspects that can equal healthy aging?

A

Exercise

Social activity

Diet

Genes

Productive pursuits

Adult Development (11 decks)

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