Final- Chapter 11 Flashcards
What are the 4 meanings of death?
1) deaths as an organizer of time
2) death as a punishment
3) death as a transition
4) death as a loss
What is death as a punishment?
Children think of death as bad and common in adulthood
Strengthened by religious teaching that emphasize a link between sin and death
What is death as a transition?
People with strong belief of after life
Transition from life to some sort of life after death or to nothingness
What is death as a loss?
Death seen as a loss
Haven’t been able to complete plans for life
Changes throughout life
Young adults- loss of experiences and relationships
Older adults- more concerned for loss of time to complete themselves as people
What is death anxiety?
Fear of death strongly linked to the view of death as a loss
True or false: middle aged adults have the biggest fear of death and older adults the least
True
What is religiosity?
Degree of ones religious or spiritual beliefs
What is extrinsic religiosity?
Use of religion for social purposes or for doing good deeds
Positively to death anxiety
More fear of death for those who express religious beliefs in an extrinsic way
What is intrinsically religiosity?
Use of religion to seek meaning in ones life
Internal concept of spirituality
Less death anxiety
Those with high levels of self esteem/ higher purpose in life have more or less fear of death?
Less
Do men or women have higher death anxiety?
Women
What is death as an organizer of time?
“Time until death” may be important for a person trying to organize their life
Do what they want to do before they die
Death defines the endpoint of life
Ex: life insurance, wills
What are the 5 stages of grief?
1) denial
2) anger
3) bargaining
4) depression
5) acceptance
What is denial (as part of the 5 stages of grief)?
A valuable, constructive first defense
Gives the patient a period of time in which to marshal strategies of coping with the shock
What is anger?
Patient resents those who are healthy and becomes angry at whatever fate put him or her in this position
Outbursts
What is bargaining?
Patient tries to make deals with doctors, nurses and with God
What is depression?
Patient becomes depressed
Mourning for the loss of ones life
What is acceptance?
Quiet understanding
Readiness for death
What are 3 key issues identified by Kubler- Ross?
1) the dying are still alive and unfinished needs they may want to address
2) we need to listen actively to the dying and identify with their needs to provide effectively for them
3) we need to learn from the dying to know ourselves better and our potential for living
What is finitude?
Coming to terms to ones eventual death
Occurs overtime
Different levels
What is the importance of farewell?
Important to say goodbye
Done in different ways
Facilitating farewells through OT
What is the variable process?
Process of dying varies from each person
Some are gradual while others are instant
What is the emotional effect of physics processes?
The way each person handles the process emotionally
Some fight while other accept it and struggle no further
What are Greer et al (1991) 5 groups?
1) denial
2) fighting spirit
3) fatalism
4) helplessness/ hopelessness
5) anxious preoccupation
What is denial (as part of Greer et al’s group)?
Patient rejects the diagnosis and evidence presented to them
What is a fighting spirit?
Patient shows optimism and actively searches for more info about diagnosis
Desire to fight disease
What is fatalism?
Patient acknowledges the diagnosis but doesn’t seek to further inform and continues normal life
What is helplessness/ hopelessness?
Patient is overwhelmed be the diagnosis and considers themselves gravely ill and without hope
What is anxious preoccupation?
Patient responds to the diagnosis with extreme anxiety and interprets additional info pessimistically
Interprets all body sensations as possible recurrence
What is hospice care?
Care focused on pain relief, emotional support and spiritual comfort for the dying person
Death is inevitable here
Physician, nurses, social workers, therapists and chaplains
In a study form by Joan Teno et all 1500 families were surveyed, what were the results?
1/3 died at home
2/3 died in an institution
Critics difference is quality of care
What was the biggest concern from families about last place of care?
Lack of emotional supporting
What is physician assisted suicide?
Physicians are allowed to assist patients to obtain medication that will end their lives
Patient must request it voluntarily, terminally ill and mentally competent
What is a ritual mourning?
A set of symbolic rites and ceremonies associated with death
What someone should wear, who should be notified etc
What are Bowlbys stages of processing grief?
Numbness
Yearning
Disorganization
Despair
Time of reorganization
What is the most common reaction to grief?
Resilience- the maintenance of healthy function after a potentially traumatic event
What is the percentage of the 5 distinct patterns of grief?
Resilience- 46%
Chronic grief- 16%
Common grief- 11%
Depressed improved- 10%
Chronic depression- 8%
True or false: Our understanding of death, attitude towards it and the way we come to terms with it affect how we choose to love our lives though adulthood, it can help us give meaning to life
True
What is the result of grief work?
The bereaved adjust to the loss and resume their lives
