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Adult Development > Midterm- Lecture 1 (Ch 1) > Flashcards

Midterm- Lecture 1 (Ch 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of stability?

A

The things in our lives that are consistent

Consistent attributes about ourselves

Very important when dealing with clients and patients

OT learns what is consistent and stable in a patients life

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2
Q

What is change?

A

Opposite of stability

What makes us different now then when we were younger

Sometime changes are slow and sometimes abrupt

OT often deal with clients with abrupt changes

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3
Q

What is a normative age graded difference?

A

Influences that are linked to age and experienced by most adults of every generation as they get older

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4
Q

What are the normative age graded influence factors?

A

Biology

Socially shared experience

Internal age processes

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5
Q

What is biology?

A

Our bodies change biologically as it undergoes natural aging processes (biological clock)

Gender lines can become blurred

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6
Q

What are socially shared experiences?

A

Social clock defines the normal sequence of adult life experiences such as timing of marriage, college graduation and retirement

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7
Q

What is ageism?

A

Can be an effect of the social clock

Discrimination of a particular age group

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8
Q

What are internal change processes?

A

Shared inner changes resulting from the way we respond to the pressures of the biological and social clocks

Changes are not caused entirely by one another

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9
Q

What is a normative history graded influence? And the factors?

A

Events connected to historical events and conditions that are experiences by everyone within a culture at that time

Factors-
Cultures
Cohorts

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10
Q

What is a culture?

A

Large social environments in which development takes place

Ex: expected age of marriage or child bearing

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11
Q

What is a cohort?

A

A group of people who share a common historical experience at the same stage in life

Ex: being 5 years old at the time of 9/11

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12
Q

What is a non normative life event?

A

Unique aspects of the individuals life not shared with many others

Ex: spouse dying early, winning the lotto

Could be anything in someone’s life

People who experience this will draw toward the normative

As an OT you need to know this aspect and note it in occupational profile

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13
Q

What is behavior genetics as a source of stability (under genetics)?

A

The contributions genes make to individual behavior

Cognition, IQ, physical characteristics, personality, pathological behavior

The extent to which these traits and tendencies remain in place throughout our lives shows the influence of heredity

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14
Q

What are the twin studies as a source of stability (under genetics)?

A

Studies comparing behavior in monozygotic (identical) vs dizygotic (fraternal twins)

Identical twins share more similarities for traits or abilities which means they are influenced by genetics not environment

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15
Q

What is the environment as a source of stability?

A

Lifelong effects of early family experience

Children who receive warmth and trust growing up have well more adjusted lives, express emotion, form meaningful relationships and good coping skills

Can cause permanent lifelong characteristics that were not part of gene conception

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16
Q

What is an interactionist view (under environment)?

A

Genetic traits determine how one interacts with the environment and the environment one chooses

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17
Q

What is an epigenetic inheritance (under environment)?

A

The genes one received at conception are modified by environmental events that occur during the prenatal period and throughout the life span

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18
Q

What is DNA methylation?

A

Chemical modification of DNA through the addition of the methyl group resulting in reduced gene expression

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19
Q

How is the term biological explained under adult development?

A

The measure of an adults physical condition

Used to evaluate aging of the physical systems

Can be affects by lifestyle change

Can be compared to someone’s else’s condition at the same age

20
Q

How is the term psychological explained under adult development?

A

Measures an adults ability to deal effectively with the environment

21
Q

How is the term social explained under adult development?

A

Expected roles a person takes on at a specific point in their lives

The expected role in someone’s age group

22
Q

How is the term functional explained under adult development?

A

A measure of how well an adult is functioning in various aspects of adulthood

Can be a result of biological + psychological + social

How well a person is functioning as an adult compared to others

23
Q

How is the term chronological

explained under adult development?

A

Number of years that have passed since birth

In adults it determines when you drive, purchase alcohol, vote

24
Q

What is the lifespan developmental approach?

A

Development in life is long, complex, has multiple causes, and there is a lot of internal/ Exeter al dimensions to it

Adult dev doesn’t stop until they take their last breath

Need to meet their goals ever step of the way

One age is not more important than the other

25
Q

What is the bioecological approach models of development?

A

We must consider the developing period with the context of multiple environments

Must take place within biological, psychological, and especially social contexts that change over time

Influences are in constant interaction

26
Q

What are Bronfenbrenner’s model of ecological systems 5 systems?

A

1) microsystem
2) mesosytem
3) exosystem
4) macrosystem
5) chronosystem

27
Q

What is the microsystem?

A

All of the persons biological and psychological system

We are who we are from a biological and psychological standpoint

28
Q

What is the mesosytem?

A

The interactions with people like our family, friends and people at work

Micro and meso begin to interact with one another

29
Q

What is the exosystem?

A

Outside environment that we interact with like our neighborhood, community, social media

30
Q

What is the macrosystem?

A

Political system, social conditions in our country, lifestyle, culture etc

31
Q

What is the chronosystem?

A

Chronological age and historical age

Where we are in our life

Reflects that the meso, exo ans macrosystem are dynamic and changing

32
Q

What is a cross sectional study?

A

Based on data gathered at one time from groups of participants who represent different age groups

Tested only once

Results give info about differences within the group

33
Q

What is a longitudinal study?

A

Same group of people over time that can be tested at regular intervals

34
Q

What is attrition?

A

Participant dropout

Longitudinal study

35
Q

What is a sequential study?

A

Series of longitudinal studies done at different points in time

36
Q

What are personal interviews?

A

Experimented meets with the participant and gathers data directly

Can be structured or open ended

37
Q

What is a survey questionnaire?

A

Written format that participants can fill out on their own consisting of structured and focused questions

38
Q

What is a standardized test?

A

Established instrument that measure a specific trait or behavior

39
Q

What is a comparison of the means?

A

Takes average of groups and see which one is more significance

Statistical analysis that allows researchers to determine whether the difference in measurements taken on 2 groups is large enough to be considered significantly significant

40
Q

What is a correlational analysis?

A

Statistical analysis method used to evaluate the strength of relationship between two quantitative variables

Statistical analysis that tells us the extent to which 2 set of scores on the same individual vary together

Can range from +1 to -1

41
Q

What is a meta analysis?

A

Analysis of data from a large number of studies that deal with the same research question with more powerful results

42
Q

What is an experimental design?

A

Empirical study that has a high level experimental control

Has a control group

Participants are randomly selected and assigned to either treatment or control conditions

High degree of control over outside factors that might affect the outcome

43
Q

What is a descriptive research?

A

Tells the current state of the participants in some measure of interest

High level of experimental control

Includes cross sectional, longitudinal, and sequential studies

Ex: # of people of different ages that die of suicide each year

44
Q

What is qualitative research?

A

Research without numerical data

Case studies, interviews, observations etc

45
Q

What is quantitative research?

A

Research with numerical data

Adult Development (11 decks)

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