Midterm- Lecture 3 (Ch 2 Cont) Flashcards
What age can hearing loss begin?
What is the percentage of older adults between 65-74 have hearing loss?
What is the percentage of people of age 74-79 have hearing loss?
Begin- 30
65-74- 30%
74-79- 50%
From presbycusis
What is conductive hearing loss?
Not primary cause of hearing loss in adults
Correctible- ear wax or infection in middle of ear
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Can be primary cause of aging
Damage to hairs in the cochlea
Can’t tell the difference between voices
What is tinnitus?
The perception of sound in the ear when it’s not there
Ex: ringing in ears
What is presbycusis?
True age related hearing loss
Can be progressive and usually happens in both ears (bilateral)
Relates to high frequency loss
What does loss of hearing affect?
Balance and stabilizing
What is some of the behavior in older adults with hearing loss?
Asks to speak louder or repeat what was said
Non responsive to questions or convo
Inappropriate or out of context responses
Questions directed to spouse, family or caregiver
Leaning forward or tilting head to one side
Distress or irritated
Disoriented or confused during convo
Withdrawing from social interactions
When and why does the sense of taste and smell loss?
65-70
Less saliva, fewer taste buds and decreased number of odor receptors
Safety- adults eating spoiled food, fire in the house etc
What happens to your bones as you age?
Calcium loss- major change in primary aging
Bone mass peaks around 30 and the starts to decline for men and women (steeper)
Acceleration between 50 and 65
What is osteoporosis?
Severe loss of bone mass based on bone density measure
Fall 2.5 standard deviations below norm they diagnose you with it
Affects 16% of women and 4% of men after 50
Increased risk of injury after fall
Based on bone density measure (BDM)
Bone screenings are done
What is osteopenia?
Precursor to osteoporosis
When you start to lose bone mass before full blown osteoporosis
What is osteoarthritis?
Wearing away of cartilage between two joints- bone on bone
Most common form of bone joint disease
Leading cause of disability 65 and older
90% of adults over age of 40 will show changes with OA in weight bearing joints
30% of adults report symptomatic pain
High societal costs
Lead to depression, anxiety, immobility etc
What are some risk factors of OA?
Increased age
Women over 50
Family history
History of joint injury/ repeated joint stress
Overweight/ obese
Why does the cardiovascular and respiratory system change as you get older?
Not as flexible and cannot handle certain capacities
Older the heart the slower to respond to changes in cardiovascular pressure than the younger heart
Arterial walls are not as pliable as we get older
Arteries cannot expand
What is a prevention method for cardiovascular and respiratory system problems?
Low dose cardio like taking a walk
What is neuron loss?
Declines with age but doesn’t always coincide with functional loss
Total # of neurons decline with age
What is neurogenesis?
Neurons can regrow and can can occur through adulthood
New connection/ reconnection
Not everywhere
Depends on reason for decline
What are B cells?
Produce bone marrow and make antibodies
Show abnormalities as people age shows as autoimmune dysfunction from the changes in B cells
What are T cells?
Will reject and consume foreign cells
Can be less effective in older adults
What is the hormonal system?
How hormone system works
Changes start occurring at 30
Growth hormone and muscle mass decreases
Aldosterone (regulates body itself with water intake/ heat and real ease of heat) production decreases
Susceptibility to dehydration and heat stroke
Can help combat menopause symptoms
What is the neuroendocrine climacteric period?
Transitional period between reproductive life and non reproductive life
What is the neuroendocrine climacteric period for men?
Sperm decline around 40
Testes shrink around 60
Decrease volume of seminal fluid at 60
Declining testosterone during beginning of adulthood
Decrease hormones = decrease muscle mass, bone density, sex drive and cognitive functions
Increased body fat and depressive symptoms
What is the neuroendocrine climacteric period for women?
Perimenopause- irregular periods around middle adulthood
Menopause- around 52
Post menopause- year after last period
Ovarian failure leads to decrease in changes in estrogen and progesterone levels (important for reproductive health)
Why are physical changes important to know as an OT?
Sexual activity is an ADL
What is the peak ages of athletic abilities and why?
Teens to early 20s
Ability to use oxygen
Decline starts end of 20s
What is happens with your stamina over time?
Cardiovascular abilities start to decline
Can’t feel it but it’s happening
What affects dexterity?
Arthritis
What happens to your balance as you get older?
Loss of muscle mass loss of balance
Flexibility and strength can be affected by OA
What happens with your sleep as you get older?
Insomnia- prevalent in older adult women
Many older adults have sleep apnea
Medications disrupt sleep
Older adults need 7 hours of sleep
Middle adults need 7.5
Young adults need 8.5
What happens to sexual activity as you get older?
Decline during primary aging due to loss of stamina, dexterity, hormonal imbalance, physical ability
Sexual response diminishes as you get older
Older people are still having sex and need more education
What are some of the genetic individual differences in primary aging?
Weight- hereditary
Genes
Long livelihood
Diet
Sedentary lifestyle
What is an example of the lifestyle individual differences in primary aging?
Low income status- no access to proper nutrition/ proper healthcare
African Americans and Hispanics are at risk
How does race, ethnicity and socioeconomic group affect individual differences in primary aging?
Lower income areas
Food desserts
Lack of medical care
Access to medicine and nutrition
What is food insecurity?
Now knowing when your next meal is
Affects 17 million in US
What is a food desert?
Lack of proper nutrition
All fast food
If proper food it is more expensive
23.5 million low income areas a mile from a supermarket
Heart disease, obesity, diabetes
