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Biochemistry > Midterm II past Qs > Flashcards

Midterm II past Qs Flashcards

1
Q

name the components of leichitin

A

glycerol + 2 FA + Phosphate + choline

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2
Q

name the components of cephalin

A

diacyl-glycerol + phosphate + cholamine

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3
Q

what type of curve describes the connection btw substrate conc and enzyme activity, if the enzyme is not allosterically regulated

A

hyperbolic saturation curve

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4
Q

“cis” unsaturated FA, true or false: incr. proportion cause increased membrane ridgidity

A

False

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5
Q

disconnection of the negative allosteric effector from the allosteric effector binding site influense enzyme activity how

A

increases the enzyme activity

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6
Q

what type of protein structure does lactate dehydrogenase have

A

quarternary structure

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7
Q

which property of the enzyme is determined by catalytic center

A

reaction specificity

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8
Q

the structure of the substrate and inhibitor is typically similar in

A

allosteric enzyme inhibition

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9
Q

amylase, DNA ligase and phosphoglucomutase: which enzyme class

A

oxidoreductases

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10
Q

the oxidation of what covers most of the liver’s energy need

A

FA oxidation

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11
Q

which of the following cells are able to produce hyaluronidase

A

sperm cells

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12
Q

if during the operation of Na/K pump 2 ATP molecules are hydrolized, how many K⁺ ions can be pumoed in the cell by using this released energy

A

4

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13
Q

which intermediary product is made during the activation of aa’s

A

aminoacyl-AMP

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14
Q

what cofactor is necessary for the operation of cytochrome P450 ezymes

A

NADP⁺

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15
Q

what FA class does linolenic acid belong to

A

omega 3

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16
Q

what type of carbohydrate is fructose

A

ketose

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17
Q

in which part of the cell is the respiratory chain found

A

mitochondrium

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18
Q

which are cofactors: NAD, NADP, PALP

A

all of them

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19
Q

how much will the IC weight of a 12kg dog

A

8kg

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20
Q

which uses facilitated diffusion:

glucose, urea, oleic acid

A

glucose

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21
Q

what do you need to finish a protein

A

GTP

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22
Q

where is chondroitin sulphate found

A

tendon and bone

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23
Q

which enzymes catalyse irreversible reactions

A

ser-proteases by DIPF

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24
Q

what group does leichitin belong to

A

phospholipids

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25
Q

name 3 heteropolysaccharides

A

glucosamineglycans
hyaluronic acid
chondroitin suphate

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26
Q

which vitamin has a role in sulphate binding

A

vit. A

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27
Q

where is heparin found

A

in the granules of mast cells(liver and lung)

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28
Q

transport of FA into mitochondrium

A

carnithine shuttle

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29
Q

what happens in white adipose tissue

A

PPP, FA synthesis, lipogenesis

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30
Q

what are anomers

A

special types of epimers that occur after cyclization and reflect a change in configuration a the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon aka. C1

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31
Q

how is maltose made

A

alpha-D-glu + alpha-D-glu (alpha 1,4)

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32
Q

how is cellobiose made

A

beta-D-glu + beta-D-glu (beta 1,4)

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33
Q

how is lactose made

A

beta-D-gal + beta-D-glu (beta 1.4)

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34
Q

how is sucrose made

A

alpha-D-Glu + beta-D-fru (alpha-1, beta-2)

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35
Q

starch, glycogen and cellulose type of carb

A

homopolysaccharide

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36
Q

glycoprotein function

A

part of cell membrane: IC recognition

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37
Q

which aa is the result of transamination of pyruvate

A

alanine

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38
Q

which aa prod GABA

A

glutamate (glutamine)

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39
Q

where can we not find ketolysis

A

liver

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40
Q

acetate, propionate, butyrate FA class

A

volatile FA

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41
Q

starting prod of oxaloacetic acid synthesis

A

pyruvate

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42
Q

what can be prod from HMG-CoA

A

cholesterol Kbs

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43
Q

which enzyme is responsible for the transformation of pyruvate to OAC

A

pyruvate carboxylase

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44
Q

which enzyme is responsible for the transformation of histidine to histamine

A

histidine decarboxylase

45
Q

which are the specific inhibitors of the resp chain

A

CO and CN: inhibits cytochrome oxidase

46
Q

starting molecule of glycogenesis can be…

A

glycerol, lactate, propionate(Ru)

47
Q

how many ATPs can be prod from one AcCoA

A

2 ATPs

48
Q

how many ATPs can be prod from one FAD/NAD/NADPH

A

NAD: 3 ATP
FAD: 2 ATP
NADPH: 2 ATP

49
Q

energy prod from palmitic acid

A

palmitic: 129 ATP

50
Q

which factor can lead to ketoses

A

incr. coric KB

decr. AcCoA

51
Q

how do we incr the membrane fluidity

A

incr. temp, decr cholesterol, incr. prop of cis-unsat FA in phospholipids

52
Q

competitive inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase

A

malonate

53
Q

cysteine can form which bonds

A

disulphide bonds

54
Q

is enzyme cytochrome 45o inducible

A

yes

55
Q

sphingolipids belong to which membrane froming molecule group

A

phospholipids

56
Q

SQLT-1 is found

A

small intestines

57
Q

SQLT-2 is found

A

kidney

58
Q

which aa is never found in proteins

A

D-aa

59
Q

type of bond: ceramide + phosphate + choline

A

ester bond

60
Q

urea is regulated by

A

cytoplasmic carbamoylphosphate

61
Q

which requires NADPH+H⁺

synthesis of oleic acid, synthesis of palmitic acid, beta-ox of FA

A

beta-ox of FA

62
Q

pyruvate dehydrogenase is found in TCA cycle?

A

no

63
Q

alanine transaminase(ALT) transfers an amino gr from alanine to

A

alpha-ketoglutarate

64
Q

which happen in mitochondrion:

6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucokinase

A

all of them

65
Q

oxaloacetate can be prod from

A

malate, pyruvate, aspartate

66
Q

ATP syntase in valves are structured where on the inner mitochondial membrane

A

outside

67
Q

6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase uses what as cofactor

A

NADP+

68
Q

the liver produces what from FA

A

ketone bodies (acetoacetate, B-hydroxybyturate)

69
Q

how much energy is prod in anaerob glycolysis of 1mol glucose

A

2 mol ATP

70
Q

pyruvate dehydrogenase cofactor

A

TPP

71
Q

which contain the most C atoms

tyrosine, tyramine, palmitic acid, histidine

A

palmitic acid

72
Q

start molecule of GNG

A

pyruvate, lactate

73
Q

common intermediate in the conversion of gly to glucose

A

pyruvate

74
Q

how much energy is prod in the beta-ox of 1 mol pamitoyl-CoA

A

131ATP

75
Q

ATP citrase lyase happes where

A

cytoplasm

76
Q

which cycle prod NADPH+H⁺

A

PPP

77
Q

where is fat synthesized

A

mammary gland, adipiose tiddue, liver in some species

78
Q

which aa can make pyruvate

A

alanine, serine, glycine and cysteine

79
Q

what is the amine group needed for the transamination of a new aa

A

glutamic acid

80
Q

transaminases are found in

A

cytoplasm or mitochondrium

81
Q

name the uncoupling factors

A

dinitrophenol, thermogenin

82
Q

1st messenger in fat metabolism

A

adrenalin, noradrenalin, glucagon, ACTH

83
Q

FADH2 energybalance in 1 mol anaerobic oxidation/phosphorylation

A

2 ATP

84
Q

who needs TPP in citric acid cycle

A

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

85
Q

product of trnasamination of Asp

A

OAC

86
Q

what enzymes can you find in the liver

A

HMG-Coa lyase

87
Q

where in citric acid cycle is TPP used

A

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

alpha-ketoglutarate->succinylCoA

88
Q

what transports Fe²⁺ to basolateral side of enterocytes

A

Ferroportin

89
Q

no mitochondrium

A

in erythrocytes: need GNG for glucose prod, cant use ATP

90
Q

GABA means, made how

A

Gamma-amino butyrate

- decarboxylation of glutamate using B6 Vit.

91
Q

which cofactors do you find in the TCA cycle

A

GTP, NADH2, FADH2

92
Q

which molecule is the transporter of Fe²⁺ ions on the apical side of the enterocytes

A

DMT1

93
Q

what are the regulatory enzymes of the TCA cycle

A

citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase

94
Q

what can be produced by the transamination of glutamate

A

alpha-ketoglutarate

95
Q

which gr of molecules does cephalins and leichintins belong to

A

glycerol phosphatides

96
Q

5-OH-tryptohan is the precursor of

A

serotonine

97
Q

acetyl transacylase play a role in the synthesis of which molecule

A

palmitic acid

98
Q

how is direct bilirubin made

A

bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid, making it water soluble

(removed in intestine makeing urobilinogen or stercobilinogen)

99
Q

what enzyme of GNG uses NADH+H⁺ as cofactor

A

lactate dehydrogenase

100
Q

TPP cofactor is used in

A

cytosol for the activity of transketolase and in the mitochondria for the activity of pyruvate-, oxoglutarate- and branched chain keto acid dehydrogenases

101
Q

alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase uses what as co-factors

A

TPP

102
Q

produced by the transamination of asp

A

OAC

103
Q

regulatory enzyme of urea cycle

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

104
Q

decarboxylation of asp gives

A

beta alanine

105
Q

anaerobe glycolysis of 1 mol glucose

A

2 ATP

106
Q

1st reductase play a role in the synthesis of which molecule

A

palmitic acid

107
Q

biotin is used

A

as cofactor in carboxylation reactions (carboxylases)

108
Q

PALP is used

A

as cofactor in transamination, deamination nd decarboxylation reactions

109
Q

what is the role of HMG-lyase in cytoplasm vs. mitochondrium

A

cytoplasm: synthesis of cholesterole
mitochondrium: ketogenesis

Biochemistry (30 decks)

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