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Biochemistry > Midterm II past Qs > Flashcards

Midterm II past Qs Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

name the components of leichitin

A

glycerol + 2 FA + Phosphate + choline

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2
Q

name the components of cephalin

A

diacyl-glycerol + phosphate + cholamine

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3
Q

what type of curve describes the connection btw substrate conc and enzyme activity, if the enzyme is not allosterically regulated

A

hyperbolic saturation curve

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4
Q

“cis” unsaturated FA, true or false: incr. proportion cause increased membrane ridgidity

A

False

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5
Q

disconnection of the negative allosteric effector from the allosteric effector binding site influense enzyme activity how

A

increases the enzyme activity

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6
Q

what type of protein structure does lactate dehydrogenase have

A

quarternary structure

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7
Q

which property of the enzyme is determined by catalytic center

A

reaction specificity

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8
Q

the structure of the substrate and inhibitor is typically similar in

A

allosteric enzyme inhibition

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9
Q

amylase, DNA ligase and phosphoglucomutase: which enzyme class

A

oxidoreductases

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10
Q

the oxidation of what covers most of the liver’s energy need

A

FA oxidation

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11
Q

which of the following cells are able to produce hyaluronidase

A

sperm cells

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12
Q

if during the operation of Na/K pump 2 ATP molecules are hydrolized, how many K⁺ ions can be pumoed in the cell by using this released energy

A

4

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13
Q

which intermediary product is made during the activation of aa’s

A

aminoacyl-AMP

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14
Q

what cofactor is necessary for the operation of cytochrome P450 ezymes

A

NADP⁺

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15
Q

what FA class does linolenic acid belong to

A

omega 3

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16
Q

what type of carbohydrate is fructose

A

ketose

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17
Q

in which part of the cell is the respiratory chain found

A

mitochondrium

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18
Q

which are cofactors: NAD, NADP, PALP

A

all of them

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19
Q

how much will the IC weight of a 12kg dog

A

8kg

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20
Q

which uses facilitated diffusion:

glucose, urea, oleic acid

A

glucose

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21
Q

what do you need to finish a protein

A

GTP

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22
Q

where is chondroitin sulphate found

A

tendon and bone

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23
Q

which enzymes catalyse irreversible reactions

A

ser-proteases by DIPF

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24
Q

what group does leichitin belong to

A

phospholipids

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25
name 3 heteropolysaccharides
glucosamineglycans hyaluronic acid chondroitin suphate
26
which vitamin has a role in sulphate binding
vit. A
27
where is heparin found
in the granules of mast cells(liver and lung)
28
transport of FA into mitochondrium
carnithine shuttle
29
what happens in white adipose tissue
PPP, FA synthesis, lipogenesis
30
what are anomers
special types of epimers that occur after cyclization and reflect a change in configuration a the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon aka. C1
31
how is maltose made
alpha-D-glu + alpha-D-glu (alpha 1,4)
32
how is cellobiose made
beta-D-glu + beta-D-glu (beta 1,4)
33
how is lactose made
beta-D-gal + beta-D-glu (beta 1.4)
34
how is sucrose made
alpha-D-Glu + beta-D-fru (alpha-1, beta-2)
35
starch, glycogen and cellulose type of carb
homopolysaccharide
36
glycoprotein function
part of cell membrane: IC recognition
37
which aa is the result of transamination of pyruvate
alanine
38
which aa prod GABA
glutamate (glutamine)
39
where can we not find ketolysis
liver
40
acetate, propionate, butyrate FA class
volatile FA
41
starting prod of oxaloacetic acid synthesis
pyruvate
42
what can be prod from HMG-CoA
cholesterol Kbs
43
which enzyme is responsible for the transformation of pyruvate to OAC
pyruvate carboxylase
44
which enzyme is responsible for the transformation of histidine to histamine
histidine decarboxylase
45
which are the specific inhibitors of the resp chain
CO and CN: inhibits cytochrome oxidase
46
starting molecule of glycogenesis can be...
glycerol, lactate, propionate(Ru)
47
how many ATPs can be prod from one AcCoA
2 ATPs
48
how many ATPs can be prod from one FAD/NAD/NADPH
NAD: 3 ATP FAD: 2 ATP NADPH: 2 ATP
49
energy prod from palmitic acid
palmitic: 129 ATP
50
which factor can lead to ketoses
incr. coric KB | decr. AcCoA
51
how do we incr the membrane fluidity
incr. temp, decr cholesterol, incr. prop of cis-unsat FA in phospholipids
52
competitive inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase
malonate
53
cysteine can form which bonds
disulphide bonds
54
is enzyme cytochrome 45o inducible
yes
55
sphingolipids belong to which membrane froming molecule group
phospholipids
56
SQLT-1 is found
small intestines
57
SQLT-2 is found
kidney
58
which aa is never found in proteins
D-aa
59
type of bond: ceramide + phosphate + choline
ester bond
60
urea is regulated by
cytoplasmic carbamoylphosphate
61
which requires NADPH+H⁺ | synthesis of oleic acid, synthesis of palmitic acid, beta-ox of FA
beta-ox of FA
62
pyruvate dehydrogenase is found in TCA cycle?
no
63
alanine transaminase(ALT) transfers an amino gr from alanine to
alpha-ketoglutarate
64
which happen in mitochondrion: | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucokinase
all of them
65
oxaloacetate can be prod from
malate, pyruvate, aspartate
66
ATP syntase in valves are structured where on the inner mitochondial membrane
outside
67
6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase uses what as cofactor
NADP+
68
the liver produces what from FA
ketone bodies (acetoacetate, B-hydroxybyturate)
69
how much energy is prod in anaerob glycolysis of 1mol glucose
2 mol ATP
70
pyruvate dehydrogenase cofactor
TPP
71
which contain the most C atoms | tyrosine, tyramine, palmitic acid, histidine
palmitic acid
72
start molecule of GNG
pyruvate, lactate
73
common intermediate in the conversion of gly to glucose
pyruvate
74
how much energy is prod in the beta-ox of 1 mol pamitoyl-CoA
131ATP
75
ATP citrase lyase happes where
cytoplasm
76
which cycle prod NADPH+H⁺
PPP
77
where is fat synthesized
mammary gland, adipiose tiddue, liver in some species
78
which aa can make pyruvate
alanine, serine, glycine and cysteine
79
what is the amine group needed for the transamination of a new aa
glutamic acid
80
transaminases are found in
cytoplasm or mitochondrium
81
name the uncoupling factors
dinitrophenol, thermogenin
82
1st messenger in fat metabolism
adrenalin, noradrenalin, glucagon, ACTH
83
FADH2 energybalance in 1 mol anaerobic oxidation/phosphorylation
2 ATP
84
who needs TPP in citric acid cycle
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
85
product of trnasamination of Asp
OAC
86
what enzymes can you find in the liver
HMG-Coa lyase
87
where in citric acid cycle is TPP used
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase | alpha-ketoglutarate->succinylCoA
88
what transports Fe²⁺ to basolateral side of enterocytes
Ferroportin
89
no mitochondrium
in erythrocytes: need GNG for glucose prod, cant use ATP
90
GABA means, made how
Gamma-amino butyrate | - decarboxylation of glutamate using B6 Vit.
91
which cofactors do you find in the TCA cycle
GTP, NADH2, FADH2
92
which molecule is the transporter of Fe²⁺ ions on the apical side of the enterocytes
DMT1
93
what are the regulatory enzymes of the TCA cycle
citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase
94
what can be produced by the transamination of glutamate
alpha-ketoglutarate
95
which gr of molecules does cephalins and leichintins belong to
glycerol phosphatides
96
5-OH-tryptohan is the precursor of
serotonine
97
acetyl transacylase play a role in the synthesis of which molecule
palmitic acid
98
how is direct bilirubin made
bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid, making it water soluble (removed in intestine makeing urobilinogen or stercobilinogen)
99
what enzyme of GNG uses NADH+H⁺ as cofactor
lactate dehydrogenase
100
TPP cofactor is used in
cytosol for the activity of transketolase and in the mitochondria for the activity of pyruvate-, oxoglutarate- and branched chain keto acid dehydrogenases
101
alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase uses what as co-factors
TPP
102
produced by the transamination of asp
OAC
103
regulatory enzyme of urea cycle
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
104
decarboxylation of asp gives
beta alanine
105
anaerobe glycolysis of 1 mol glucose
2 ATP
106
1st reductase play a role in the synthesis of which molecule
palmitic acid
107
biotin is used
as cofactor in carboxylation reactions (carboxylases)
108
PALP is used
as cofactor in transamination, deamination nd decarboxylation reactions
109
what is the role of HMG-lyase in cytoplasm vs. mitochondrium
cytoplasm: synthesis of cholesterole mitochondrium: ketogenesis

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