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Biochemistry > Midterm I past Qs > Flashcards

Midterm I past Qs Flashcards

1
Q

endproduct of adenine degr. i eq

A

allantoine

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2
Q

(cofactor)? used in both purine and pyrimidine synth

A

PRPP enzyme

- converts ribose 5-phosphate into phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate

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3
Q

CO2 used in purine synthesis?

A

none

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4
Q

does lysine have alkaline side chain?

A

yes

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5
Q

proline/tryptophan/tyrosine in common

A

all have ring in their structure

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6
Q

… belong to post-translation modification of proteins

A

hydroxylation, phosphorylation, lipidation etc.

- functional modification after tRNA transcribe mRNA into polypeptide chains

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7
Q

posttranscription modification are

A

5’ capping, poly-A-tailing, splicing

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8
Q

HCO3⁻ concentration change how when lactic acid is transformed to HCO3⁻/H2CO3

A

decreased conc

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9
Q

… participate in form of cross link btw tropocollagen fibers

A

lysine

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10
Q

bond btw DNA N-bases

A

H-bond

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11
Q

in facilitated diffusion glucose is tp on which side of which cell

A

basolateal side of enterocytes (WITH conc. gradient)

Na⁺ symporter on apical side; AGAINST conc. gradient

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12
Q

RBC in saline sol. 0.3%conc

A

membrane disruption and hemolysis

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13
Q

what type is casein protein

A

storage protein

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14
Q

what type of RNA is transcripted by DNA-polymerase (euk)

A

mRNA (messenger RNA)

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15
Q

why is DNA replication process semi-conservative

A

both new DNA have old+new stand

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16
Q

elongaion of chain happens by DNA polymerase I in prokaryotes - true or false

A

false

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17
Q

what cell cannot be cultured on amdium cont. ampicillin

A

transformed host cell containing recombinant plasmid

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18
Q

DNA dependant sigma factor, DNA template used in

A

transcription, procaryotes

protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria

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19
Q

code means

A

triple unit of bases on sense strand of DNA

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20
Q

new triplet formed does not encode a.a. : mutation type

A

non-sense

premature stop codon

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21
Q

what is 5’capping

A

7-methyl-guanosie cap attached to 5’ end of mRNA

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22
Q

aminoacyl-AMP is formed during

A

activation of a.a.’s

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23
Q

function of binding site of ribosomal large subunit in eucaryocytes

A

Binding of methionyl-tRNA (links covalently methionine with its corresponding tRNA, initiation of elongation)

Later binding peptidyl-tRNA (which transfers the growing polypeptide to the aminoacyl-tRNA, aka tRNA with aa.)

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24
Q

function of DHU loop in tRNA

A

binding of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

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25
Q

catalysed by translocase (elongation -> translocation)

A

translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from A to P

changing spot on large ribosomal subunit

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26
Q

osaki fragments/NTP’s/templete DNA strase

A

DNA polymerase III (necessary for binding site)

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27
Q

necessary for reverse transcription

A

oligo-T primer

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28
Q

who has most N of methionone, arginine and glutamine?

A

same

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29
Q

asparagine, glutamate, tyrosine all have

A

oxygen in side group

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30
Q

continous acting muscle

A

red- slow twithch (continous)

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31
Q

who has restriction endonuclease

A

bacterium

- defence against invading virus by fragmenting DNA

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32
Q

binding peptide tRNA to site/peptidyl translocase/remove tRNA from ribosome all need

A

energy

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33
Q

how many H-bond btw A and T

A

2

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34
Q

how many H bond btw C and G

A

3

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35
Q

ex aa with alkaline side chain

A

arg, lys, hist

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36
Q

is there specific inhibitation in membrane

A

yes

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37
Q

deletion is…

A

loss of N-base(s), frame shift

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38
Q

what bond stabilize beta-sheet structure

A

intramolecular H-bind

39
Q

aa with acidic side chain

A

asparagine, glutamic acid

40
Q

trypsin does not use .. in its reactions

41
Q

elasrase/trypsin/chemotrypsin prod in

42
Q

enzyme with acidic pH optimum

43
Q

inducible enzymes

A

e.g. lactose/lactase -> produced/expressed only when needed, constitutive are produced all the time

44
Q

L-glutamate dehydrogenase and D-amino acid oxidase are what type of enzymes

A

stereo specific

45
Q

bond btw base+ribose

A

N-glycosidic bond

46
Q

bond btw ribose and phosphate gr.

A

ester/phosphate bond

47
Q

protein with tertiary structure

A

triose phospho isomerase, glycolate oxidase

48
Q

which bond forms stability of keratin

A

disulphide bond of cysteine

49
Q

polyadenylation (poly-A-tailing)

A

AMP on 3’ end of mRNA

50
Q

splicing

A

remove introns and ligation of exons

51
Q

where does splicing occur

52
Q

splicing is catalized by

A

snRNA’s:recognize and remove introns from pre-mRNA

enzymatic and structural role, like rRNA

53
Q

primary component of wool fiber

A

low sulfur alpha-keratins

54
Q

promotor part in eukaryote

A

TATA box + GC box

55
Q

promotor part in prokaryote

A

Pribnow box and CAP-cAMP binding site

56
Q

needed for transcription

A

DNA template, enzyme and NTP’s (nucleoside triphosphate)

57
Q

mature mRNA made of

A

7-methyl-GTPcap, exons, poly-A-tailing UTR

UnTranslated Region, parts on either sides of mRNA that are non-coding

58
Q

EcoRi+cut a + GAATTC

A

sticky ends

59
Q

ligase function

A

join new + old DNA strands

60
Q

enzyme preventing mutation

A

DNA polymerase I

61
Q

bonds of tropocollagen

A

covalen, cross links, disulphide, H-bonds

62
Q

ionic bonds found in

A

btw polar charged side chains

63
Q

dipol-dipol interaction found in

A

btw polar non-charged side chains

64
Q

pH 7.6 blood

A

alkalosis: 7.45-7.8 (incr. resorp of H⁺ in kidney

65
Q

pH 7.2 blood

A

acidosis: 7.356-7, decr. excr. H⁺ in kidney

66
Q

nucleosomes

A

structure in chromosomes: DNA wrapped around histones(8 per)

67
Q

site found on large ribosome unit

A

E-P-A sites (in this order)

68
Q

inhibit/inactivate Ser-proteases by

A

DIPF - a toxin used to see if there are any active ser-proteases around

69
Q

exergonic reaction

A

more energy released than involved in breaking the bonds

70
Q

endopeptidase is split where

A

in the chain

71
Q

exopeptidase split where

A

at end of chain

72
Q

optimal pH of arginase

73
Q

dihydro-uridine loop bound to

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

74
Q

thymidine-pseudouridine-cytidine loop is bound to

75
Q

translation; carboxyl group of aa forms

A

methionine

76
Q

rRNA to new aa using

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (APS)

77
Q

2+1 ribosomal binding sites for tRNA

A

A+P, E for exit

78
Q

prokaryote mRNA codes for

A

one mRNA codes for several genes

79
Q

eukaryotic mRNA codes for

A

codes for only one polypeptoide

80
Q

amino-acyl-tRNA of mRNA binds in

A

a site on ribosomal large sbunit

81
Q

translation peptide is formed by

A

a peptidyl transferase

82
Q

non-charged/empty tRNA is bound

A

ribosomal E site, then leaves

83
Q

translocation requires

A

GTP, EF-2(elongation factor) + translocase enzyme

84
Q

instead of EF-1 alpha, in procaryocytes we have

A

EF-Tu instead

EF=elongation factor

85
Q

stop codons

A

UAA, UGA, UAG

86
Q

restriction endonucleases

A

cut DNA -> sticky ends

87
Q

what do reverse transcriptase in retrovirus do?

A

copy from RNA to DNA

88
Q

EcoRi recognize which double stranded sequence

A

5’–GGATCC-3’3’-CCTAGG-5’

89
Q

DNA ligase function

A

rep. broken DNA

90
Q

trypsin breaks the

A

primary structure

91
Q

ethanol/heat breaks the

A

secondary/tertiary strucuture

92
Q

uric acid is excreted by, end is the endproduct of

A

primates, birds and reptiles

purine degredation

93
Q

purine degredation in dalmatian dog breed

A

some cannot degrade uric acid to allantoine which sesults in high levels of uric acid in the urine which cause the formation of kidney stones

94
Q

isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic solution

A

0.2% NaCl hypotonic - SWELLING
0.9% NaCl isotonic - NORMAL
2% NaCl hypertonic - SHRINKAGE

Biochemistry (30 decks)

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