General about vitamins

Question 1

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 1

• inductive; act on level of transcription
• Vit. A, D, E, K, essential FA
• can be stored except K
• need transporter
• no microbial synthesis, except vit. K

Question 2

water soluble vitamins

Answer 2

• act as co-factor
• vit. B-group + C
• no storage, except B12
• microbial synthesis
  (- lipotropic agent (help catalyse the breakdown of fat during metabolism), choline, inositol)

Question 3

deficiency/ too many terms

Answer 3

hypovitaminosis:
hypervitaminosis (fat soluble - storage)
aviaminosis - no vitamins

Question 4

antivitamins

Answer 4

no time for vitamin uptake - leads to diarrhea, vomiting, other diseases

• decr. microbial synthesis
• bile, fat decr -> fat soluble vit. absorption decreases

Question 5

vitamin antagoninsts

Answer 5

specific inhibitors of vitamins

• competitive
• degrader
• unabsorbable complex formation

Question 6

competitive inhibitor of vitamins

Answer 6

vit K - Dicoumarol, warfarin (anticoagulants)
vit B1 - pyrithymine
vit B9 - amethopterin (immunosupressent)

Question 7

degrader of vitamins

Answer 7

thiaminase se. two rings: vitB1

Question 8

unabsorbable vitamin complex

Answer 8

biotin(vit. H/B7) + avidine (egg white) -> no absorption

Question 9

previtamins; some vits have a pre-form

Answer 9

B-carotene -> vit A
7-dehydrocholesterol -> vit D3
ergosterol -> vit D2
Trp -> nicotinic acid = niacin, B3
glucose -> ascorbic acid (not in hu, primates, guniae pig)

Question 10

hypovitaminosis reasons

Answer 10

something off with:

• feed
• microbial synthesis
• coprophagy is prevented
• liver disease: storage, production, transport protein
• vitamin receptor -> no cofactor formation/prodction