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Biochemistry > (Energy) production > Flashcards

(Energy) production Flashcards

1
Q

PPP produces

A

NADPH⁺

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2
Q

glycolysis energy gain (per glucose molecule)

A

CYTOPLASM
2 ATP is used
4 ATP is produced (substrate level phosphorylation)
2 NADH -> ATP (oxidative phosphorylation)

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3
Q

pyruvate energy gain

A

2ATP (substrate level phosphorylation)

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4
Q

how many TCA cycles per glucose molecule?

A

MITOCHONDRIA

2 acetyl-CoA molecules are produced from each glucose molecule, two cycles are required per glucose molecule

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5
Q

Production per TCA cycle (per AcCoA)

- ETC and chemoismosis

A

3 NADH (9ATP) (oxidative phosphorylation)
FADH2 (2ATP) (oxidative phosphorylation)
1 GTP
=12ATP per AcCoA

(3 H+, CoA-SH, 2 CO2)

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6
Q

total net ATP production per glucose molecule

A

36 ATP, 38 without the 2 used in glycolysis

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7
Q

localization of de novo and degredation of pyrimidine nucleotides

A

cytoplasm of all cells

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8
Q

regulatory enzymes of pyrimidine nucleotide de novo

A

eu: carbamoylphosphate synthetase II
pro: aspartate-carbamoyl transferase

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9
Q

energy needed for pyrimidine synthesis

A

UTP: 6ATP
CTP: 7ATP

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10
Q

complete oxydation of one glucose molecule in PPP requires how many cycles

A

6 cycles

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11
Q

PPP; function of oxidative part vs. non- oxidative

A

ox: NADPH+H⁺ production
nonox: complete ox of one glucose molecule and metabolize pentoses from NA from digestion and recombination

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12
Q

PPP localization

A

cytoplasm of all cells in

  • adipose tissue
  • liver
  • mammary gland
  • erythrocytes
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13
Q

regulatory enzyme of PPP

A

Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase

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14
Q

energy production of PPP

A

6*2 NADPHH -> 24 ATP in cytoplasm

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15
Q

localization of fructose synthesis

A

placenta, seminal vesiculum in ungulates

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16
Q

localization of fructose degradation

A

mostly in sperm and fetus of ungulates

17
Q

lactose synthesis localization

A

mammary gland

18
Q

galactose synthesis localization

A

bone, cartilage, mammary gland

19
Q

oxidative deamination where

A

mostly liver, mitochondria

20
Q

where is haemoglobin synthesized

A

liver, bone marrow

21
Q

glycolysis: how many times per glucose molecule?

A

2 times per molecule

22
Q

B-oxidation of even FA location

A

liver, muscle; mitochondrial matrix

23
Q

location of FA synthesis

A

cytoplasm: liver, adipose tissue, mammary gland

24
Q

energy balance of ketogenesis

A

2AcCoA: - 2*12ATP
NADPH+H⁺: - 3ATP
= -27ATP

25
Q

where does ketogenesis occur

A

mitochondrium of liver, kidney and mammary gland

26
Q

where is cholesterol synthesized

A

cytoplasm: liver, gonads, intestines

27
Q

lipid synthesis in ruminant

A

mammary gland and adipose tissue - not liver!!

28
Q

ascorbic acid synthesis

A

liver

birds: kidney

Biochemistry (30 decks)

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