MIDTERM II CHAPTER 9 Flashcards
Knowledge that allow us to recognize objects and events and to make inferences about their properties
Conceptual knowledge
The mental representation of a class or individual
Concept
Includes all possible examples of a particular concept
Category
The process by which things are placed in categories
Categorization
States that we can decide whether something is a member of a category by determining whether a particular object meets definition of the category
Definition approach to categorization
Refers to the idea that members of a particular category resemble one another in a number of ways, this allows variation within a category
Family resemblance
Membership in a category is determined by comparing the object to a prototype that represents the category
Prototype approach to categorization
A typical member of the category based on an average of members of a category. Not an actual member of the category
Prototype
Used to determine how fast people could answer questions about an objects category
Sentence verification technique
The ability to judge highly prototypical objects more rapidly
Typicality effect
Effects of prototypicality
Family resemblance
Typicality
Naming
Priming
Involves determining whether an object is similar to other objects where the standards involved are many examples
Exemplar approach to categorization
Actual members of the category that a person has encountered in the past
Exemplars
Kind of organization in which larger, more general categories are divide into smaller, more specific categories, creating a number of level of categories
Hierarchical organization
Rosch’s level of categories
Global (superordinate)
Basic
Specific (subordinate)
Approach which proposes that concepts are arranged in networks
Semantic network approach
Way of storing shared properties just once at a higher-level node
Cognitive economy
Activity that spreads out along any link that is connected to an activated node
Spreading activation
Criticism for Collins and Quillian Hierarchal model
Couldn’t explain the typicality effect
Approach to creating computer models for representing cognitive process
Connectionism
Another term for connectionist models as they propose that concepts are represented by activity that is distributed across the network
Parallel distributed processing (PDP)
Circles in a connectionist network is called…
Units
Units activated by stimuli from the environment
Input units
Determines how signal sent from one unit either increase or decrease the activity of the next unit
Connection weight
