MIDTERM II CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
The process of acquiring info and transferring it to LTM
Encoding
The transfer of memory from LTM to working memory
Retrieval
Getting info without considering the meaning and without making connections
Maintenance rehearsal
Type of rehearsal where meanings are considered and connections/associations are made
Elaborative rehearsal
According to levels of processing theory, memory is dependent to what?
Depth of processing an item receives
Little attention is given to meaning
Shallow processing
Close attention is given to meaning
Deep processing
List of word pairs is presented to test whether visual imagery can create connections that enhance memory
Paired-association learning
Memory is better if asked to relate a word to oneself
Self-reference effect
Generating ideas yourself rather than passively receiving them enhances learning and retention
Generation effect
A word or other stimulus that helps a person remember information stored in memory
Retrieval cue
Enhanced performance due to retrieval practice is called…
Testing effect
Self-generated cues help remember words better compared to other-person generated retrieval cues were presented. T/F.
True
Principle which states that we encode info along with its context (i.e. matching context in which encoding and retrieval occur)
Encoding specificity
Learning associated with certain state or mood
State-dependent learning
Retrieval of information is better if similar cognitive task in involved during retrieval and encoding
Transfer-appropriate processing
The process of transforming new memories from a fragile state (which they can be disrupted) to a more permanent state
Consolidation
Type of consolidation which involves structural changes at synapse which can last over minutes or hours
Synaptic consolidation
Type of consolidation which involves gradual reorganization of neural circuits within the brain which can take place over months or even years
Systems consolidations
Enhanced firing of neurons after repeated stimulation which is a result of synaptic changes
Long-term potential (LTP)
Proposes that incoming information activates a number of areas in the cortex
Standard model of consolidation
Major mechanism of consolidation; a process in which hippocampus replays the neural activity associated with learning
Reactivation
States that hippocampus is involved in retrieval of episodic memories even if they originated long ago
Multiple trace of consolidation
Consolidating memory again as it becomes fragile after retrieval
Reconsolidation
