MIDTERM II CHAPTER 6

Question 1

“Archive” of information about past events and knowledge learned; stretches from a few moments ago to as far back as one can remember

Answer 1

Long-term memory

Question 2

Indicates that memory is better for words at the beginning of the list and at the end than for words in the middle

Answer 2

Serial Position Curve

Question 3

Subjects are more likely to remember words presented at the beginning

Answer 3

Primacy effect

Question 4

A possible explanation for the primacy effect

Answer 4

Subjects have more time to rehearse the words than for later words

Question 5

Better memory for the stimuli presented at the end of the sequence

Answer 5

Recency effect

Question 6

Possible explanation for the recency effect

Answer 6

Most recently presented words are still in the STM

Question 7

A way to eliminate recency effect

Answer 7

Subjects begins recall after a delay (rehearsal is prevented)

Question 8

How can primacy effect be increase?

Answer 8

To increase primacy effect, present the list (of words) more slowly so there is more time for rehearsal

Question 9

Refers to form in which stimuli are represented

Answer 9

Coding

Question 10

Holding an image in the mid to reproduce a visual pattern that was just seen

Answer 10

Visual coding for the STM

Question 11

Visualizing an image from a memory

Answer 11

Visual coding for LTM

Question 12

Representing sounds of letter in the mind after hearing them

Answer 12

Auditory coding for STM

Question 13

Repeating a song heard many time before over and over in your mind

Answer 13

Auditory coding in LTM

Question 14

Decrease in memory that occurs when previously learned info interferes with learning new info

Answer 14

Proactive interference

Question 15

Placing words in an STM task into categories based on their meaning

Answer 15

Semantic coding for STM

Question 16

Identification of a stimuli encountered earlier

Answer 16

Recognition memory

Question 17

Recalling the general plot of a novel read last week

Answer 17

Semantic coding of LTM

Question 18

Predominant coding type in STM

Answer 18

Auditory coding

Question 19

Predominant type of coding in LTM

Answer 19

Semantic coding

Question 20

Said to be responsible for one’s ability to encode new long term memory

Answer 20

Hippocampus

Question 21

The inability to form new long-term memory due to chronic alcoholism

Answer 21

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 22

Cases in which STM is fully functioning but cannot form new LTMs

Answer 22

Clive Wearing

H.M.

Question 23

An example of poor STM but functioning LTM

Answer 23

K.F.

Question 24

The experience of travelling back in time

Answer 24

Mental travel time

Question 25

Memory for specific personal experience and involves mental travel time

Answer 25

Episodic memory

Question 26

Memory for facts not tied up to personal experience

Answer 26

Semantic memory

Question 27

Interactions between episodic and semantic memories

Answer 27

1) episodic can be lost, leaving only semantic (fade to semantic)
2) semantic can be enhanced if assoc with episodic

Question 28

Memory of specific experience, includes both semantic and episodic

Answer 28

Autobiographical memory

Question 29

Semantic memories that have personal significance

Answer 29

Personal semantic memory

Question 30

Two-way remembering which involves recollection (episodic) and familiarity (semantic)

Answer 30

Remember/know procure

Question 31

The effect of time on memory from research findings

Answer 31

Forgetting increases with longer intervals from the original encoding

Question 32

Result of remember/know procedure which shows loss of episodic detail for memories of long ago

Answer 32

Semanticization of remote memories

Question 33

States that episodic memories are extracted and recombined to constructs simulations of future events

Answer 33

Constructive episodic simulation hypothesis

Question 34

Memories that we are aware of (conscious)

Answer 34

Explicit (declarative)

Question 35

Occurs when learning from experience is not accompanied by conscious remembering

Answer 35

Implicit (non-declarative)

Question 36

Implicit memories includes:

Answer 36

Procedural memory
Priming
Conditioning

Question 37

Memory for doing things that usually involve learned skills

Answer 37

Procedural memory

Question 38

Previous experience changes response without conscious awareness; occurs when the presentation of one stimulus (priming stimulus) changes the way a person responds to another stimulus (test stimulus)

Answer 38

Priming

Question 39

Occurs when the test stimulus is the same as or resembles the priming stimulus

Answer 39

Repetition priming

Question 40

Three groups tested in Graf and coworkers experiment

Answer 40

1) amnesia patient with Korsakoff’s syndrome
2) patients w/o amnesia being treated with alcohol
3) patients with amnesia who had no history of alcoholism

Question 41

Result of Graf’s experiment shows..

Answer 41

Amnesia patients did poorly in the explicit memory test but did as well as the other patients in the implicit memory test

Question 42

People are more likely to rate statements read or heard before as being true

Answer 42

Propaganda effect

Question 43

Occurs when two stimuli are paired: one neutral stimulus that initially does not result in a response and a conditioning stimulus that does result to a response

Answer 43

Classical conditioning