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biology 2 > Midterm Biology exam > Flashcards

Midterm Biology exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthetic organisms that provide food for others

A

Producers

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2
Q

Eat plants or animals that profit from plants

A

Consumers

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3
Q

Bacteria and fungi that decompose wastes and remains of plants and animals

A

Decomposers

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4
Q

Domain that has prokaryotic, unicellular, microscopic organisms

A

Bacteria

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5
Q

Domain that has prokaryotic, unicellular, microscopic organisms that live in extreme environments

A

Archaea

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6
Q

Domain that has eukaryotic organisms whose cells have a nucleus and several organelles

A

Eukarya

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7
Q

Starting at the cellular level, what is the order from cell to biosphere.

A

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere.

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8
Q

Compare and Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Eukaryotic cells have nucleus-bound DNA, are larger and more complex.

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9
Q

The tendency of molecules to stick together

A

Cohesion

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10
Q

The clinging of one substance to another

A

Adhesion

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11
Q

A dissolving agent

A

Solvent

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12
Q

A measure of the difficulty to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

A

Surface tension

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13
Q

A liquid mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

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14
Q

A substance that is dissolved

A

Solute

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15
Q

The foods that we eat and the nutrition that they contain

A

nutrition

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16
Q

Nutrients that that are needed in large amounts

A

Macronutrients

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17
Q

Nutrients that are needed in very small amounts

A

Micro nutrients

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18
Q

Carbs that must be broken down into simpler forms prior to absorption.

A

Polysaccharides

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19
Q

Sugars that still need to be broken down prior to absorption

A

Disaccharides

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20
Q

The absorbable form of sugar

A

Monosaccharides

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21
Q

When blood sugar is lower than 70

A

Hypoglycemia

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21
Q

When blood sugar is greater than 140

A

Hyperglycemia

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22
Q

When nutrient molecules enter the cells and undergo chemical changes

A

Assimilation

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23
Q

Bad cholesterol

A

LDL

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24
Q

Good cholesterol

A

HDL

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25
Q

Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are macronutrients

A

true

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26
Q

All minerals are micronutrients

A

false

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27
Q

Vitamins may serve as catalysts or coenzymes

A

true

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28
Q

In general, a person has to burn fewer calories than they consume in order to lose weight

A

false

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29
Q

The energy found in ATP is burned by breaking a bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups

A

true

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30
Q

Theoretically, with a weekly surplus of 500 calories, it should take a person 5 weeks to synthesize one pound of fat

A

false

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31
Q

A person with a BMI of >40 would be considered moderately obese

A

false

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32
Q

Muscle tissue makes up the greatest percentage of body weight

A

true

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33
Q

Contrast the terms catabolism and anabolism

A

Catabolic processes are considered to be consumption and breakdown of energy where anabolic processes are considered to be used for construction and repair

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34
Q

Choose the correct statement on the use of vitamins by athletes

A

Avitaminosis could be prevented with proper diet and nutrition

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35
Q

Which of the following sets of symptoms best describes a person who suffers from bulimia?

A

College-aged females that over consume and voluntarily vomit, leading to aspiration pneumonia and erosion of tooth enamel.

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36
Q

The study of the form of an organisms structures

A

Anatomy

37
Q

The study of the function of an organisms structures

A

Physiology

38
Q

the functional cellular unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

39
Q

maintenance of internal conditions for survival regardless of the external environment

A

Homeostasis

40
Q

An animals form should suggest its function

A

true

41
Q

The size of an organism does not affect the way it moves

A

false

42
Q

Muscle tissue is the most abundant tissue in animals

A

true

43
Q

The surface area of internal exchange surfaces is far greater than the external surfaces

A

true

44
Q

Lungs resemble a balloon more closely than a sponge

A

false

45
Q

Organisms that eat only plants

A

Herbivore

46
Q

Organisms that eat only other animals

A

Carnivore

47
Q

Organisms that eat plants and other animals

A

Omnivore

48
Q

Alternation of muscular contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles that line the alimentary canal forcing food through

A

Peristalsis

49
Q

ringlike valves that regulate the passage of food into and out of the stomach

A

Sphincter

50
Q

A hormone produced by adipose cells that suppresses appetite

A

Leptin

51
Q

In general and on average, 12-24 hours are required from ingestion to elimination

A

true

52
Q

Because the stomach is not expandable, most animals must eat constantly

A

false

53
Q

The small intestine is longer than the large intestine

A

true

54
Q

E. coli in the colon are not beneficial in any way.

A

false

55
Q

Low-carb diets are perfect

A

false

55
Q

The location of exchange

A

Respiratory surface

56
Q

The flow of water air over the respiratory surface

A

Ventilation

57
Q

Respiratory tubes in invertebrates that open to the outside air

A

Tracheae

58
Q

The joint passage for food and air

A

Pharynx

59
Q

Voice box

A

Larynx

60
Q

Wind pipe

A

Trachea

61
Q

Tubes branching off the trachea and leading to the lungs

A

Bronchi

62
Q

Finer tubes that branch off of the structure in Bronchi

A

Bronchioles

63
Q

Millions of tiny air sacs that are the terminal ends of the structure in Bronchioles

A

Alveoli

64
Q

The alternation of inhalation and exhalation

A

Breathing

65
Q

Heart structure that receives blood from the veins

A

Atrium

66
Q

Heart structure pumps blood out the heart

A

Ventricle

66
Q

Smaller arteries that branch off into capillaries

A

Arterioles

67
Q

Smaller veins that begin the return path to the heart.

A

Venules

68
Q

Term for the volume of blood that each ventricle pumps each minute

A

Cardiac Output

69
Q

A hissing sound generated by the backflow of blood from a defective valve

A

Murmur

70
Q

Pacemaker of the heart rhythms that may be detected by ECG

A

Arrythmia

71
Q

The rhythmic stretching of the arteries

A

Pulse

72
Q

The medical term for a blood pressure cuff

A

Sphygmomanometer

73
Q

Surfaces for gas exchange must be moist

A

true

74
Q

Skin breathers typically live in dry environments

A

false

75
Q

Although they have to work harder, gills are more efficient at extracting air than lungs

A

true

76
Q

Lung breathing was not a required adaption in the evolutionary move from water to land.

A

false

77
Q

Smoking causes more deaths per year in the U.S than accidents, alcohol, drug abuse, HIV and murder combined

A

true

78
Q

Your face is going to look like this after you keep dipping

A

true

79
Q

The movement of aquatic organisms is crucial to sustaining blood flow.

A

true

80
Q

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker because it pumps to the systemic circuit

A

true

81
Q

In general, an athlete will have a higher heart rate than a non-athlete while performing the same activity

A

false

82
Q

The lub-dup sound is created by the recoil of blood against the valves of the heart

A

true

83
Q

Smoking does not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

A

false

84
Q

Capillaries have the thinnest walls of all blood vessels

A

true

85
Q

Blood is mostly plasma

A

true

86
Q

Red blood cells are the least common cellular element in the blood

A

false

87
Q

Injured blood vessels do not heal themselves

A

false

biology 2 (11 decks)

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