chapter 20 forms and functions Flashcards
study of the form of an organism’s structures.
Anatomy
study of the function of an organism’s structures
Physiology
tightly packed sheets of cells that cover surfaces and serve as linings.
Epithelial tissue
loosely packed cells in a low proportion to extracellular matrix
Connective tissue
most common, serves as a binding and packing material.
loose tissue
nonelastic bundles of collagen.
Fibrous
strong and flexible tissue that surrounds the ends of bones and serves as a shock absorber.
Cartilage
fat storage used for insulation and energy
Adipose
cells surrounded by plasma water, salts and dissolved proteins, role is a transport of nutrition and oxygen.
Blood
collagen that is embedded in a matrix of calcium, magnesium and phosphate.
Bone
Bundles of long cells
muscle tissue
tissue that senses stimuli and transmits information.
nervous tissue
is the functional cellular unit of nervous tissue.
Neuron
convey the signal from the tip of the neuron to the axon and the axon takes the signal to the next neuron.
Dendrites
heart muscle
Cardiac
attached to bones by tendons
Skeletal(striated)
has no striations and is found in organs in blood vessels.
Smooth muscle
skin, hair, and nails
integumentary system
stratified squamous epithelium and are dead cells at the surface of the skin that take approximately 2 weeks to be replaced.
Epidermis
hair follicles, oil and sweat glands, muscles, nerves, sensory receptors, and blood vessels
Dermis
layer of adipose below the dermis.
Hypodermis
dead cells that are flexible and filled with keratin.
Hair
steady state
Homeostasis
4 major tissues
Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscle
3 major internal conditions
temperature and hydration, heart rate and mineral levels.
Although an anatomist and a physiologist study organism in different ways
they work together to study form and function.
form and function are
interconnected
Size and shape affect
environmental interactions
physical laws affect
form
bigger animals require
heavier skeletons
muscles must be larger and
stronger
Most cells are organized
into tissues
Tissues if from the Latin word
weave
Matrix may be embedded in a liquid
jelly or solid
Muscle tissue is the most abundant
tissue in animals
Tissues are arranged into organs
and coordinate functions
Heart anatomy consists of
all 4 tissue types
In the heart muscles serve to
contract
In the heart epithelial lines, the chambers,
and provide a smooth surface
In the heart, connective tissue makes the heart
elastic and strengthens walls
In the heart, neurons
regulate the contractions
In 2006, lab tissues were grown from the
patient’s cells to minimize risk of rejection.
what are the functions of skin
Waterproof covering, prevents penetration of microbes, abrasions are replaced quickly, Sensory receptors tell temperature, Manipulation of objects, contains sweat glands and capillaries.
Synthesis of vitamin D which is required for
absorption of calcium.
DNA damage due to UV rays can lead to
cancer
Hair serves to insulate and detect
environmental stimuli
Fur-raising traps
air to insulate
Goose bumps in humans are a vestige
of this mammalian characteristic.
Fingernails and toenails are composed of keratin and
serve to protect fingertips and help with manipulation of fine objects.
Internal exchange surfaces create an area more than
25 times larger than the surface area of the body.
Lining up all the capillaries in the human body
would circle the globe
Interstitial fluid carries exchange materials
from blood to cells
Lungs have an enormous surface area and are
not like balloons
Recall that organisms are in a constant battle to keep internal conditions
at an optimal level
Homeostasis try’s to maintain a set point of
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