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biology 2 > chapter 20 forms and functions > Flashcards

chapter 20 forms and functions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of the form of an organism’s structures.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

study of the function of an organism’s structures

A

Physiology

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3
Q

tightly packed sheets of cells that cover surfaces and serve as linings.

A

Epithelial tissue

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4
Q

loosely packed cells in a low proportion to extracellular matrix

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

most common, serves as a binding and packing material.

A

loose tissue

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6
Q

nonelastic bundles of collagen.

A

Fibrous

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6
Q

strong and flexible tissue that surrounds the ends of bones and serves as a shock absorber.

A

Cartilage

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6
Q

fat storage used for insulation and energy

A

Adipose

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6
Q

cells surrounded by plasma water, salts and dissolved proteins, role is a transport of nutrition and oxygen.

A

Blood

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7
Q

collagen that is embedded in a matrix of calcium, magnesium and phosphate.

A

Bone

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7
Q

Bundles of long cells

A

muscle tissue

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8
Q

tissue that senses stimuli and transmits information.

A

nervous tissue

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9
Q

is the functional cellular unit of nervous tissue.

A

Neuron

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10
Q

convey the signal from the tip of the neuron to the axon and the axon takes the signal to the next neuron.

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

heart muscle

A

Cardiac

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12
Q

attached to bones by tendons

A

Skeletal(striated)

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13
Q

has no striations and is found in organs in blood vessels.

A

Smooth muscle

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14
Q

skin, hair, and nails

A

integumentary system

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15
Q

stratified squamous epithelium and are dead cells at the surface of the skin that take approximately 2 weeks to be replaced.

A

Epidermis

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16
Q

hair follicles, oil and sweat glands, muscles, nerves, sensory receptors, and blood vessels

A

Dermis

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17
Q

layer of adipose below the dermis.

A

Hypodermis

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18
Q

dead cells that are flexible and filled with keratin.

A

Hair

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19
Q

steady state

A

Homeostasis

20
Q

4 major tissues

A

Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscle

21
Q

3 major internal conditions

A

temperature and hydration, heart rate and mineral levels.

22
Q

Although an anatomist and a physiologist study organism in different ways

A

they work together to study form and function.

23
Q

form and function are

A

interconnected

24
Q

Size and shape affect

A

environmental interactions

25
Q

physical laws affect

A

form

26
Q

bigger animals require

A

heavier skeletons

27
Q

muscles must be larger and

A

stronger

28
Q

Most cells are organized

A

into tissues

29
Q

Tissues if from the Latin word

A

weave

30
Q

Matrix may be embedded in a liquid

A

jelly or solid

31
Q

Muscle tissue is the most abundant

A

tissue in animals

32
Q

Tissues are arranged into organs

A

and coordinate functions

33
Q

Heart anatomy consists of

A

all 4 tissue types

34
Q

In the heart muscles serve to

A

contract

34
Q

In the heart epithelial lines, the chambers,

A

and provide a smooth surface

35
Q

In the heart, connective tissue makes the heart

A

elastic and strengthens walls

36
Q

In the heart, neurons

A

regulate the contractions

37
Q

In 2006, lab tissues were grown from the

A

patient’s cells to minimize risk of rejection.

38
Q

what are the functions of skin

A

Waterproof covering, prevents penetration of microbes, abrasions are replaced quickly, Sensory receptors tell temperature, Manipulation of objects, contains sweat glands and capillaries.

39
Q

Synthesis of vitamin D which is required for

A

absorption of calcium.

39
Q

DNA damage due to UV rays can lead to

A

cancer

39
Q

Hair serves to insulate and detect

A

environmental stimuli

40
Q

Fur-raising traps

A

air to insulate

41
Q

Goose bumps in humans are a vestige

A

of this mammalian characteristic.

42
Q

Fingernails and toenails are composed of keratin and

A

serve to protect fingertips and help with manipulation of fine objects.

43
Q

Internal exchange surfaces create an area more than

A

25 times larger than the surface area of the body.

43
Q

Lining up all the capillaries in the human body

A

would circle the globe

43
Q

Interstitial fluid carries exchange materials

A

from blood to cells

43
Q

Lungs have an enormous surface area and are

A

not like balloons

44
Q

Recall that organisms are in a constant battle to keep internal conditions

A

at an optimal level

45
Q

Homeostasis try’s to maintain a set point of

A

98.6

biology 2 (11 decks)

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