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biology 2 > Chapter 21 Ingestion > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Ingestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant eaters

A

Herbivores

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2
Q

animal eaters

A

carnivores

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3
Q

Omnivores

A

eat plants and animals

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4
Q

feeders extract food from the surrounding waters.( humpback whale, oyster)

A

Suspension

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5
Q

feeders that live in or on their source of food.( caterpillar, earthworms)

A

Substrate

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6
Q

feeders obtain food by sucking nutrient-rich foods from a living host( mosquito, tick)

A

fluid

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7
Q

feeders that ingest large pieces of food

A

Bulk

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8
Q

breaking food down into absorbable molecules mechanically and chemically

A

Digestion

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9
Q

cells lining the digestive tract absorb small molecules

A

Absorption

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10
Q

undigested materials pass out of the digestive tract

A

Elimination

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11
Q

digestive tract with two openings (mouth and anus)

A

Alimentary canal

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12
Q

pouch like organ where food is softened or stored

A

Crop

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13
Q

temporary storage but are more muscular for churning and grinding.

A

Stomach and gizzard

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14
Q

where chemical digestion and nutrient absorption take place

A

Intestine

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15
Q

location of fecal expulsion

A

Anus

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16
Q

alternation of muscular contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles line the alimentary canal forcing food through.

A

Peristalsis

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17
Q

ringlike waves that regulate the passage of food into and out of the stomach.

A

Sphincter

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18
Q

serves to protect and lubricate

A

Glycoprotein

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19
Q

Neutralize acids

A

Buffers

20
Q

kills food-clinging bacteria

A

antibacterial agents

21
Q

a starch digester.

A

Amilyse

22
Q

pH of 2 contains mucus, enzymes, and strong acids.

A

Gastric Juice

23
Q

secrete mucous as a lubricant.

A

Mucouse cells

24
Q

secrete hydrogen ions and chloride ions that combine in the lumen to form HCI

A

Parietal cells

25
Q

secrete pepsinogen, an inactive form of the enzyme pepsin.

A

Chief cells

26
Q

produces pancreatic digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution.

A

Pancreas

27
Q

produces bile with salts that break down fats.

A

Liver

28
Q

stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

A

gallbladder

29
Q

first 25cm of the small intestine.

A

duodenum

30
Q

contains a mass of white blood cells to make a small contribution to immunity.

A

Appendix

31
Q

larger in herbivores

A

Cecum

32
Q

deficient calories

A

Undernourishment

33
Q

missing essential nutrients

A

Malnourishment

34
Q

excess calories.

A

Over nourishment

35
Q

what are the 4 types of ingestion

A

suspension, fluid, substrate, and bulk

36
Q

3 requirements for a healthy diet

A

Fuel to power bodily activities, organic building blocks for synthesis, Essential nutrients that the body cannot produce itself.

37
Q

Proteins, carbs, and fats are too physically large to pass through

A

cell membranes

38
Q

In 5-10 seconds

A

food makes its way to the stomach

39
Q

Food stays in the stomach for

A

2-6 hours

40
Q

After the stomach food goes to the small intestine for absorption and stays there for

A

5-6 hours

41
Q

Undigested material passes through the large intestine in

A

12-24 hours

42
Q

Stomachs are the main reason animals do not have to

A

eat constantly

43
Q

The stomach can hold up to

A

2 liters of food and water

44
Q

Pepsin is responsible for the digestion of

A

Proteins

45
Q

Epithelium is constantly eroded in the stomach and is replaced about every

A

3 days

46
Q

The small intestine is responsible for the

A

majority of absorption

biology 2 (10 decks)

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