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HIST 110: Latin American History > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

In relation to the contrast between spanish america and post independence brazil, Spanish america has what kind of government?

A

Monarchy, nominally replaced by republic with constitution (democracy, federalism, popular soverignty)

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2
Q

In relation to the contrast between spanish america and post independence brazil, Brazil had what kind of government?

A

Monarchy nominally replaced by constitutional monarchy (Less drastic changes)

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3
Q

In relation to brazil they weere the last country to abolish?

A

Slavery

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4
Q

Which latin american country has the last war of independence?

A

Brazil

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5
Q

What country was the least militarized country until the 18`30s?

A

Brazil

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6
Q

Why was Brazil never reaally militarized pre and post independence?

A

Not enough time to militarize during pre independence, and no need to post independence

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7
Q

In relation to continuity of indegenious labor of independence, what is Pongo?

A

Unpaid labor

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8
Q

In relation to continuity of indegenious labor of independence, what is Mitaje?

A

Unpaid or lowly paid labor. Communties had to send small groups every now and then to complete labor such as building of infrastructure

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9
Q

In relation to continuity of indegenious labor of independence, what is Advanced payment?

A

Mechanism used to put indeginious folks in debt and making them pay it off through forced or coercered labor

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10
Q

In relation to continuity of indegenious labor of independence, what did colonialist repay the indians with?

A

they repaid them by converting them to catholicsism and they sae yhis as an advantage or helping them out in exchange for their unpaid labor and land

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11
Q

Are conservatives or Liberals more likiely to embrace: Less free market economics, Increased influence fro the church, and Supported trade guilds and corporatism?

A

Conservatives

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12
Q

Are conservatives or Liberals more likiely to embrace: Individualism, more free market economics, reduced influence of catholic church, and the opposition of trade guilds?

A

Liberals

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13
Q

Why do liberals oppose trade guilds?

A

because artisans and tade guilds could charge fixed rates and that went against free mrket economics

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14
Q

What are some factors that influenced Caudillos?

A

Political instability

initial wars of independence giving status to caudillos or army generals

force, charisma and patronage made them appealing to people

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15
Q

In relation to the means caudillos used to exercise power, how did they use charisma?

A

used charisma of being macho and masculine to form alliances

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16
Q

In relation to the means caudillos used to exercise power, how did they use Force?

A

They used force with their armies henchmen etc to influence their overal goals andf get what they wanted- loans, political representation

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17
Q

In relation to the means caudillos used to exercise power, how did they use Patronage?

A

Distribution of benefits in exchange for political support; no clear distinction between caudillo’s personal property and public funds

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18
Q

In relation to the means caudillos used to exercise power, how did they use, Republican Rhetoric?

A

Partciapation in election, to demonstrate, charisma, patronage and force

found ways to justify actions as legal

stuffed ballot boxes to rig elections

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19
Q

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in Mexico?

A

1830

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20
Q

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in Bolivia?

A

1831

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21
Q

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in colombia and ecuador?

A

1851

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22
Q

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in venezuela and peru ?

A

1854

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23
Q

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in puerto rico ?

A

1873

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24
Q

In relation to the continuity of black slavery after independence what year was slavery abolished in cuba?

A

1886`

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25
Q

What country was the last to abolish slavery?

A

brazil

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26
Q

Why did brazil keep black slaves the longest?

A

large number of sugar plantations that heavily relied on slave labor from africa

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27
Q

What was a different name for cattle ranchers?

A

Estancias

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28
Q

What does it mean to say that cattle ranchers were priveleged workers?

A

although they didnt make a lot of money they were mobile and had a lot of freedom

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29
Q

What did catte ranchers maily raise?

A

Livestocks on irrigated plains

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30
Q

What were estancia owners called?

A

Estanceieros

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31
Q

What products were important to cattle ranchers?

A

Beef jerky, hides, tallow

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32
Q

What is another name for cowboys

A

Gauchos(argentina uraguay southrn brazil)

llaneros (colombia venezuela

charros (mexico)

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33
Q

what were the charros a sybol of?

A

machismo and romanticized masculinity

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34
Q

Where was the rio de la plata?

A

River/bay between uruguay and argentina

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35
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, He was the son of a?

A

wealthy land owner, and he was considered lazy so his parents kicked him out

36
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, When his parents kicked him out what did he become?

A

A gaucho and after saving enough money started his own cattke ranch

37
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, When his dad died what happened?

A

He inherited his land

38
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, in 1829 he was elected as?

A

Govenor of bueno aries

39
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, why was he liked so much?

A

He had the mentality of cowboys and he had wealth so he was liked by all

he was close to gauchos

had conservative support: cattle ranchers, catholic church

40
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, he enacted use of force intimidation asscinantions. and what were his henchmens names?

A

La mazorca

41
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, Peopl ewore what color ribbon toshow their support for him?

A

red

42
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, he ruled without what?

A

A constitution

43
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, with the declining power of cattle ranchers what became important?

A

Sheep ranching an agriculture

44
Q

In relation to Rosas rise and fall from power, Who ousted rosas in 1852?

A

Urquiza

45
Q

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico, , when did santa anna come in?

A

Between 1833-50 during extreme political instability and factionalism, presidency cabged 30 times

46
Q

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico How many times was he elected president?

A

11

47
Q

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico, what was the importance of texas independence (1835-36)

A

Began as us settlers uprising against centralism, abolitionism and rising taxes

el almo and golid

48
Q

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico when was he captured? what happened?

A

1836- forced to sign government granting texas their independence (shortly after us annexed texas)

49
Q

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico What was the Pastry war?

A

French govt tries to get mexican govt to pay back loans

50
Q

In relation to santa annas role in post independence mexico, While at war santa anna lost what body part and paraded it?

A

leg

51
Q

What were the causes of the mexican american ewar?

A

Manifest destiny ideology of US, anexxation of texas

Mexican factionalism

Treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

52
Q

What is Manifest destiny ideology?

A

People in us had divine right to teritory or were better than everyone else because of their religion

53
Q

What is the annexation of texas?

A

problems with perpetuatiion of slvry-

54
Q

What is Mexican factionalism?

A

Disruption and instabilityy within the government at the time

55
Q

In 1846, james k polk sent 5 armies into mexico and slaughtered them to proceed with annexation and acusition of texas? t o f?

A

t

56
Q

What was the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo?

A

Treaty that resuted in mexico losing half of their territory

57
Q

In relation to coffee production in Brazil, brazil had a stable economy due to?

A

dependence on plantation economy

58
Q

In relation to coffee production in Brazil, coffee was one of the?

A

Largest exports

59
Q

In relation to coffee production in Brazil, they had a reliance on what for production?

A

Black slavery. 1 million slaves

60
Q

Why was slavery abolished in brazil?

A

because of war with venezuela which drafted slaves, as a result coffee production became less important

61
Q

What is nationalism?

A

The state should embody a national community united by ethbnicity religion language common culture and history

62
Q

What did nationalism play a role in?

A

Caudillo success

63
Q

Nationalism helped gain supoort for?

A

Independence

64
Q

What is Positivism?

A

European and us ideology presumably based on science

65
Q

What did positivists state?

A

Order and peace were necesary for progress and modernization

66
Q

What is Progress/ Moernity?

A

Material Improvement and overall change

67
Q

What is an example of modernity?

A

Tains, industry, etc

68
Q

What is Moderniation?

A

The impact of progress.

/ modernity on the economy society politics and culture

69
Q

What are some techonological examples of modernity?

A

Steam engines telegraphgaslighting barbed wire refigerated shipping

70
Q

What did technology increase?

A

Exports and geowth of revenues both public and private

71
Q

In relation to modernity and modernization who gained a greater amount of wealth?

A

elite factions

72
Q

What did Modernity and modernization result in more dependence on?

A

Euripe and us for resources

73
Q

What is Marterial modernixztion?

A

In “The President” - urban expansion; experience of traveling by train; experience of watching movies or “moving pictures”; experience of looking at photographs; circulation of mass-produced newspa pers.

74
Q

What is Dependence theory?

A

Unequal economic relationshio had negative effects fostering economic and political dependence

75
Q

What is this an example of “By nature of being a primary good economy they were at the mercy of foreign demand more so than if they could manufacture their own goods using these raw materials

A

Dependence theory

76
Q

What is Diffusionist theory?

A

Foreign capital, technology, values, immigrants to latin america were positive rather than negative invention and industrilization spread out promotion change and prosperity

77
Q

What are some of the charecteristics of the femal carecters from TORN FROM THE NEST?

A

All women have stron morality

indians tolrate abusebut are willing to learn

whute women stick up for indians

mato de turner believes in structural functionalism- everyone has a placd in society, best not to disrupt hierarchy

78
Q

What were matto de turners primary idas on education?

A

Only theough education will indian people occupy a superior level and achieve genuine modernity

education as a cultural vehicle of modernization

lack of education =immorality

all of positive charecters posses education

79
Q

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, citizens had no role in?

A

decision making

80
Q

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, the government controlled the role of the media using principles such as use of?

A

Mass survei=llience, regulaiton of free speech and criticism, and widespred fear of totlitarian regime

81
Q

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, The system tried to weaken societu through the use of?

A

Secret police intimidation, murder rumors and forced silence

82
Q

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, there was no rule of?

A

Law

83
Q

In relation to the early 20th century political tactics or practces in central america as presented in the preseident, what are some notable acts deployed

A

patronage arbitary vilence, arbitrary detention and political imprisionment, intimidationm flattery, secrecy, spying, assisnation torture, humiliation

84
Q

In relation to the early 20th century political patterns or arrangements in central america as presented in the preseident, Who ruled?

A

men, specifically president who orchestrated corruption behind closed doors

85
Q

In relation to the early 20th century political patterns or arrangements in central america as presented in the preseident, The oppression faced in asturias imanginary country portrays the domination and injustice that plagued latin america for years and is now affecting its culture? t o f?

A

t

86
Q

In relation to the early 20th century political patterns or arrangements in central america as presented in the preseident, What were the main charecteristics meantioned?

A

authoritarianism;

corruption;

weak governmental institutions;

Judiciary’s lack of independence from the Executive branch;

use of the military and police for partisan political purposes;

rigged elections.

Facade of democratic re-election of President

HIST 110: Latin American History (8 decks)

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