chap 1 Flashcards
Why is it called latin america?
The main languages (spanish and portuguesse)originated in latin (the language of the romans
Where is south america?
Geographically only from the southern part of the americas (from venezuala to argentina)
How many nationalities are there?
There are 20 soverign nations
What are the three periods of latin american history?
- pre-cloumbian (60,000 bce- 1492 ce)
2) colonial: 1492 ce- 1810s/20s
3) modern (what this class covers 1820s - present
What is Latin american/?
Someone bborn in a latin american country (includes brazil)
What does the term hispanic mean>?
Commonly uses spanish language, does not include brazil because they sprewak portuguese
What does latino latina latinx mean?
Latin american and their decendents who live in the us tends to become racialized in the us
What does the term spanish mean?
People who are from spain
What are appropriate and inappropriate terms for immigrants in the US?
Appropriate: documented, undocumented, authorized or unauthorized
Inappropriate: Legal or illegal. this is a dehumanizing term often used in a racist context to reduce an immigrants entire identity and existence to their citizenship
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the inca empire. He captured and killed incan emperor athulapa and claimed the lands for spain
What is the inca empire?
Pre columbian empire, also called the tuhuantisuyo and the four corners of the earth. It stretched from ecuador in the north to central chile in the south
What is Atahulpa?
The lasty sapa inca of the inca empire before the spanish conquest.
wHAT DID ATAHUALPA INHERIT FROM HIS FATHER SAPA INCA HUAYNA CAPAC IN 1525?
The kingdom of quito
Who was Huascar?
Brother of atahualpa died in a bloddy civil war between the two of them for domination of the inca empire in 1532
Who is hernando pizzarro?
Fransiscos brother, he first approached athalupa about a meeting
Who is Pedro Pizarro?
Another brother of Fransisco, who kept faith in the catholic god througout the battle with the incan warriors
Who is Vincente de Valverde?
Dominican Friar who invited Atahualpa to dine with the govenor and asked him to submit to the cathilic god and the spanish
What is the meaning of the “invitation november 15, 1532?”
Spanish forced enters cakamarca,
atahualpa surrounded and served by thousands of warriors – nstayed in his camp
- a small troop of spaniards approached atahualpa
Hernanado pizzarro tells atahualpa their govenor would like to meet him and atahualpa agrees
What was the event putting faith in the catholic god nov 16 1532 about?
Atahualpa and an armed group of 5/ 6,000 warriors slowly moved towards cajamarca
pizzarros army was pittifully small by comparison and they prepared for an ambush
fransicos brother pedro asked a young soldier if he was sacared and the soldier said yes
pedro said have faith in god and that if they had faith would not be overcome by pagans
What major events transpired during atahualpas arrival?
vincent de valverde told atahualpa that his govenor invite him to come dine with him
atahualpa demanded that this govenor return everything his men had stolen and consumed since entering the kingdom ‘
valverde ignores and hands hum prayer book and aks him to submit to god
What happens with the capture of Atahualpa?
Atalupa was captured anfd when asking henando de soto why he wouldnt kill him he responseded that threy dont kill untill the battle is over , ataahualpa asked why they walked into san obvious trap, and hernanado responds that god was wth them
What happened during the spanish conquest of the nmoorish kingdom of granada in 1492
For abour 500 years the spanish had been trying to ris the ierian penisula of moors from africa
those africans were muslims anfd they had conquered a lot of christian spain i the 8th century
around ,010 years ago some small christian kingdoms in tehe north aling the cantabrian coast that had survived the moorish conquestlaunched the reconquista
When did the reconquista end and how?
1492 when the lastr moorish ruler of granada fell to the christian armies of queen isabelle of castile and king ferdinand of aragon
What were some of the motives of the reconquista and colonizing the new world?
Spanish society looked at wariors as the embodiment of christian endeavor and they were admoired as the ideal life— fighting moors for ultimate end of reconquering spain for christianity
Were there material motives for the reconquista and colonizing the new world?
Yes, wealth slaves, and land
Spain had an inbred conquest mentalty they focus so much on recounquering the moors for spain that when it was over the focused on—-
the new world
The native peoples of latin america were more ______in cukture, lifestyles, languagesetc than the ____
diverse, spanish
Who renanmed the azetec capiutal mexico city in 1519?
Hernana cortes
There were about 75 million native americans in the americas during times of conquest, how many were in mexico?
about 22 million
The natives ranged from _____ hunters and gateres to people who had domesticated crops and had a sedenary agriculture
Nomadic
When these follks no loinger had to move around what doid they build?
comlex civilizations with religious rituals, political organizations, artisans, and cities in central america, mexico and peru
What did the maya develop?
written language
What did the incas develop?
effecient state bureaucracy and empire
What did the aztecs develop?
A formidable war machine?
What is the conquest defined as?
Subjecation of american indians by spanish and portuguese warriors from europe
Colonization wasnt just a conquest by arms y the spanish also instilled their perspective, language, religion and cicilixzation on the indigenious cuktures t o f?
t
By mid century as a result of european diseases dislocation and demoralizwtion what percentage o f native americans were destroyed?
50 %
What is an example ofmiscegenation?
when the spanish would rape native women producing a chuld that is half spanish half american indian
What is micenegation?
The mixing of racial or ethnic types