Midterm 2 Terminology Flashcards
Intentional or structured use of conditioning or learning procedures to modify behaviour
Behaviour modification
Intentional or structured habituation program
Desensitization
Gradual structured habituation
Systematic desensitization
Set of reflexes we are born with, not dependent on conditions of our experiences
Unconditioned reflexes
Unconditioned stimulus
naturally or involuntarily causes a response
Unconditioned response
Unlearned response to an US
Conditioned stimulus
Previously neutral stimulus that, once associated with US, eventually triggers a CR
Conditioned response
Learned response to the previously neutral stimulus
Pleasant unconditioned stimulus
Appetitive
Unpleasant unconditioned stimulus
Aversive
CR becomes more reliable and grows in magnitude with repeated pairings
Acquisition
CS presented without the US, CR becomes weaker in magnitude and occurs less reliably
Extinction
CS paired with aversive US leading to negative CR (flinching, freezing)
Conditioned suppression
Stimulus or stimuli presented repetitively at full strength
Flooding
Learned helplessness
After flooding, animal shows no response but only because there is no escape
CS that more or less reliably predicts a US
Excitatory CS
CS that more or less reliably predicts NO US
Inhibitory CS
Intensity of stimulus, how well it is detected
Salience
Pseudoconditioning
CS produces a response that looks like a CR, without any pairing with a US
Respondent
Behaviours elicited by specific stimuli
Cue used in operant conditioning
Antecedent
Consequence that increases the frequency of the behaviour
Reinforcer
Consequence that decreases the frequency of behaviour
Punisher
Signals reinforcement is coming (e.g. clicker)
Bridging stimulus
Bridging stimulus that has taken on the properties of the reinforcement (treat) via classical conditioning
Secondary reinforcer
Presentation of an aversive stimulus or removal of a pleasurable stimulus
Punishment
Trial and error learning, modify existing behaviour or create new one
Successive approximation
Making a “shaped” behaviour part of a sequence of behaviours
Chaining
Heterogenous chain
Multiple types of behaviours
Homogenous chain
Only one type of behaviour chained
Ethogram
Detailed description, list or inventory of all the different kinds of behaviour or activity of a species
Causes of sickness behaviour (how), can aid in diagnosis, treatment, prevention
Proximate
Why would an animal act sick or not sick
Ultimate
Animals response to standard stimuli (e.g pain)
Evoked behaviour
State that overwhelms or co-opts other states
Motivational state
Dog appears to be in conflict with regard to aggressive tendencies
Conflict aggression
Social facilitation
One dog starts barking, which increased the odds that other dogs start
An acquired aversion may derive from a food that made the dog sick in the past
Garcia effect
Altricial
Helpless at birth
Sequence done the exact same way every time
Fixed action pattern
Performance of behavioural vices, stereotypes, etc
Active coping
Lethargy in animals
Passive coping
Animals boundaries, how much physical touch they’ll allow
Sensitivity threshold
Loss of sense of smell related to upper respiratory illness
Anosmia
Extensive hair loss from excessive grooming
Psychogenic alopecia
Disordered grooming in dogs
Acral lick dermatitis
Anti-anxiety drugs
Anxiolytic
Sickness behaviour
Well recognized, clinical signs of disease commonly used in diagnosis
Adaptive response that may enhance resistance, facilitate recovery or avoid transmission in population
