Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

An Sc 378 > Horse Behaviour > Flashcards

Horse Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oldest ancestor of the horse

A

Przewalski’s horse (pony-shaped Mongolian wild horse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do feeding bouts increase in time

A

At dawn and in late afternoon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the horses panoramic vision

A

330-350 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What colours can horses see well

A

Yellow and blue (dichromatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is dichromatic

A

Can see two primary colours well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do horses identify toxic or safe plants

A

Using taste (harmful = bitter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is allogrooming common in horses

A

Along mane, less common on back or rump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a harem

A

Social group in horses consisting of a number of females and young and one male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the stability of the harem depend on

A
  1. The stallions herding instinct
  2. Strong social attachment between members
  3. Stallion rejects intruders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the hierarchy work in small vs large herds

A

Small = linear
Large = triangular (A may dominate B who may dominate C who can dominate A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does estrus decrease in mares

A

At the height of the breeding season

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is “winking”

A

repeated exposure of vulva tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long is the gestation period

A

340 + 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When do feral vs stabled horses foal

A

Feral = early morning
Stabled = at night or dawn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does confinement affect a horse

A

Compromise feeding (eat and move), social, kinetic beh & health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much time does a stabled vs pasture horse spend grazing

A

Stabled = 10% (consume rapidly)
Pasture = 70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is elimination behaviour different in stalls

A

Horse cannot avoid their own waste, males might urinate more frequently on fresh bedding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is kinetic behaviour affected by stabling

A

Restricted space makes it hard to roll
Post-inhibitory rebound after being stall-bound may lead to unwanted behaviours during training (overdo behaviour once they have the space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why do horses roll

A

Expend energy, trying to get scent on them to cover up their space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why do people use feral horses for behavioural comparison rather than Prezwalski horse

A

Prezwalski came from a shallow gene pool (11 animals) over the past 20 generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why do horses seek companions

A

Safety, comfort, detection of food, insecure when isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does a horse rely on for self preservation

A

Caution, speed, agility,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why does restricted movement and periods of fasting affect horses

A

Needs to eat and move (move to ruminate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What kind of feeder is the horse

A

Generalist herbivore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What factors affect horses foraging behaviour

A

Temp down = less foraging
Longer feeding bouts at dawn/late afternoon
Breaks between are short (for maintenance, social, repro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe a horses vision

A

Panoramic vision = 330-350
Binocular vision = 60-70
Image magnification 50% better than humans
Night vision (tapetum lucidum)
Dichromatic vision (yellow/blue)
Discriminate between shades of grey (troubles with green/grey)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does over bending do to a horses vision

A

Blind area directly in front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe horses hearing

A

Funnel shaped (arc 180)
Impaired hearing = drooped ears, not moving towards sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How can horses protect their hearing

A

Lay their ears flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe horse smell

A

Well developed olfactory
Vomeronasal organ / flehmen

31
Q

What is the response shown by the vomernasal organ

A

Flehmen (lip curl)

32
Q

What does horses taste help them do

A

Discriminate between safe and toxic plants

33
Q

Describe a horses touch

A

Very sensitive (muzzle/ears/eyes/groin/heel bulbs)

34
Q

Where do horses allogroom

A

Along mane, less common over back/rump

35
Q

What grooming styles are used in horses

A

Rolling, shaking, rubbing, scratching, nibbling

36
Q

Who do social groups consist of in feral horses

A

Harem groups, one male (usually), variable number of females and horses

Bachelor groups also exist

37
Q

Why is the constant presence of a male in a harem important

A

Detection of heat is assured

38
Q

What does the stability of the harem depend on

A

Herding instinct of stallion, social attachment between members, rejection of intruders

39
Q

Describe the dominance hierarchy in horses

A

Once established, stable
Males tend to rank higher (bite/kick, threats)

40
Q

When is dominance displayed in domesticated groups

A

In competitive situations (restricted food source)

41
Q

What’s the difference between dominance hierarchies of small herds vs large herds

A

Small = linear hierarchy
Large = in the middle there is triangular relationships

42
Q

How are dominance hierarchies asserted

A

Height or body weight (sometimes age; juvenile could be smaller but stronger), length of time in band

Daughters of dominant mare tend to be dominant

43
Q

What kind of estrous are horses

A

Seasonally polyestrous
Duration of estrus decreases at height of the breeding season

44
Q

Describe an unreceptive vs receptive mare

A

Unreceptive = kicks, squeals, lays ears
Receptive = stands still, spread legs, tail to one side, lower pelvis, expose vulva tissue repeatedly (wink)

45
Q

Describe horse sexual behaviour

A

Foreplay (male smells, nibble, lick, flehmen)

46
Q

When does copulation first occur in horses

A

15 months to three years (sexual maturity/opportunity)

47
Q

What is a horses gestation period

A

340 +/- 5 days

48
Q

When does foaling occur in feral horses, how does this differ between stabled TB

A

Early morning hours
TB foal at night/dawn

49
Q

What occurs directly after birth

A

Mother stays laying, nuzzles foal
Once standing, nuzzle and vigorously lick
Form bond

Mare stands by foal as it lays, prevents contact with herd

50
Q

How long might a foal stay with its mother

A

Up to two years

51
Q

Why does a horses behaviour change with confinement

A

Compromises feeding, social, kinetic behaviour and health

52
Q

Why does feeding behaviour change in stabled horses

A

Limits feed choice, concentrated ration consumed quickly

53
Q

How much time do pastured vs stabled horses spend foraging daily

A

Pastured/feral = 70%
Stabled = 10%

54
Q

How does behaviour change in stabled horses

A

Perform operant tasks (undoing bolts)
Prevent detection of predators/escape
Cannot avoid waste
Fresh bedding = urination in males

55
Q

How is kinetic behaviour affected by stabling

A

Restricted space (rolling behaviour difficult, maintenance behaviours)

56
Q

What kind of behaviour might a horse display after a period of confinement

A

Post-inhibitory rebound (unwanted behaviours)

57
Q

What are the two types of recumbancy, describe them

A

Lateral (laying flat out on ground)
Sternal (head in air)

58
Q

What’s the difference between przwalski and domesticated horses time budget spent doing different things daily

A

DOMESTICATED
50-75% foraging
15-35% standing-resting
10,000 paces daily

PRZWALSKI
15.7% standing-resting
1.2% lying sternal, 4.1% laterally

59
Q

What are the four stages of equine sleeping patterns

A

1) wakefulness
2) drowsiness
3) slow wave sleep
4) paradoxical sleep

60
Q

Horses show polyphasic sleep patterns, what does this mean?

A

Sleep for short durations over multiple time points

61
Q

When does slow wave sleep occur, what does REM sleep require

A

Slow wave = standing or lying
REM requires lateral recumbancy

62
Q

What affects the longevity of resting behaviour in horses

A

Housing and bedding (straw=^)
Comfort (pregnant mares rest more in stables)

63
Q

Where do cold bloods vs warm bloods originate

A

Cold = small, heavily set horses
Hot = finer-boned, shorter

64
Q

What characteristics and breeds are preferred for show jumping

A

Agility, obedience, boldness, responsiveness, aware of feet
Ex TB, draft/TB, welsh cob/TB, WB

65
Q

What characteristics and breeds are preferred for dressage

A

Controlled, powerful, responsive, calm, classically correct, regular paces, confident
Ex draft/TB, WB

66
Q

What characteristics and breeds are preferred for eventing

A

Stamina, agility, compliance, calm, responsive
Ex TB, draft/TB, WB, WBx

67
Q

What characteristics and breeds are preferred for endurance

A

Long distance, bond, calm, compliant, drink readily
Ex Arabians, arabX, appaloosas

68
Q

What characteristics and breeds are preferred for racing

A

Reactive, desire to run, reluctance to be at back
Ex TB, Arabians, QH

69
Q

What characteristics and breeds are preferred for trotting and pacing

A

Tolerance of harness/handling, desire to run
Ex STB

70
Q

What characteristics and breeds are preferred for ball sports

A

Reliable, responsive, hardworking, agile, learn
Ex polo ponies, small TB, QH

71
Q

What characteristics and breeds are preferred for leisure

A

Adaptable, calm
Ex any breed, saddlebred, QH, STB, ArabianX

72
Q

When are feeding bouts the longest

A

Dawn, later afternoon

73
Q

Why would a horse take a break between feeding bouts

A

Maintenance, social, reproductive behaviour

An Sc 378 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions