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An Sc 378 > Behaviour Modification (Classical Conditioning) > Flashcards

Behaviour Modification (Classical Conditioning) Flashcards

1
Q

Are most behaviour problems abnormal?

A

No, normal from animal’s standpoint, but an issue for the owner

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2
Q

What would be considered an abnormal behaviour

A

Patterns that are maladaptive, serve no purpose (even to the animal in the wild)

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3
Q

What is behaviour modification

A

Intentional/structured use of conditioning or learning procedures to modify behaviour

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4
Q

What does habituation prevent?

A

Continuous/needless fright by chronic/harmless stimuli

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5
Q

What is habituation

A

US causes emotional activation, but after repetitive/chronic presentations, changes to weak activation then no emotional activation

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6
Q

What age habituates easier

A

Younger animals

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7
Q

Is habituation always on purpose? Example?

A

No, can occur when animal naturally tunes something out
e.g. traffic on busy roads

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8
Q

What is desensitization

A

An intentional or structured habituation program

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9
Q

When a stimulus is presented repetitively at full strength during desensitization, this is…

A

Flooding

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10
Q

What can flooding cause, explain

A

Learned helplessness
The animal stops responding to the stimulus but only because there is no way to escape

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11
Q

How is desensitization different than flooding

A

It is a gradual process, relies on the animal telling you when they’re ready for the next step

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12
Q

Does habituation require maintenance?

A

Yes, period exposure to stimuli required

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13
Q

Systematic desensitization is…

A

Gradual desensitization
Stimulus that produces fear presented mildly
Once animal is habituated to mild, increase intensity
Once animal habituated to that intensity, gradually increase until habituated to stimulus at full strength

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14
Q

briefly explain Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning

A

When dogs fed every morning, the bell on the door would ring
Dogs salivated when bell rung

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15
Q

What is an unconditioned reflex

A

One we are born with, do not depend on experience

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16
Q

Explain US, UR, CS and CR

A

US = stimulus that naturally/involuntarily causes a response
UR = unlearned response to US
CS = previously neutral stimulus that once associated with the US, triggers a CR
CR = learned response to previously neutral stimulus (CS)

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17
Q

Classical conditioning is what kind of learning

A

Associative learning

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18
Q

What are the types of temporal paradigm

A

Simultaneous: overlap of bell and feeding
Delayed: bell occurs for long period, food given at end of period
Trace: anticipatory. bell occurs, then dog has to wait awhile for food
Backward: food occurs before bell, bell becomes inhibitory

19
Q

A positive response to a stimulus is also known as..

A

appetitive

20
Q

Unpleasant emotional reactions are also known as…

A

Aversive

21
Q

Example of aversive classical conditioning

A

US (pain) = aversive emotion
CS (syringe) = US (pain = aversive emotion
CS (syringe) = aversive emotional reaction

22
Q

What is happening during acquisition and extinction

A

Acquisition = repeated parings of CS and US lead to larger/more reliable CR

Extinction = CS repeated consistently without US, Cr becomes weaker/less reliable

23
Q

Example of extinction

A

A dog shown meat (CS) but never gets to eat it (US), so does not salivate (CR)

24
Q

What is conditioned suppression

A

CS paired with aversive US (shock) leads to negative CR (flinching, freezing)

25
Q

A CS that reliably predicts a US and effectively produces a CR is…

A

excitatory CS

26
Q

A CS that reliably predicts NO US and does not produce a CR is…

A

inhibitory CS

27
Q

What is generalization

A

When a CS (bell A) has been established, similar stimuli (bell B) may also produce CR. Magnitude dependent on similarity to the CS

28
Q

What is discrimination learning

A

If bell A is presented with food, and bell B is presented sometimes without food, generalized response will fade
Differentiation

29
Q

The US is what kind of response? Give examples

A

Physiological response
e.g. food, electric shock, loud noise, caffeine

30
Q

Two types of US

A

Appetitive or aversive

31
Q

What kind of US more readily produces a CR

A

an intense one

32
Q

How noticeable a CS is/its intensity is called…

A

Salience

33
Q

What is salience important for

A

Establishing the stimulus as the CS (how well it is detected)

34
Q

What happens when two stimuli are presented together, both of which could be a CS?

A

The more salient one overpowers the other one

35
Q

Sensitization is also known as

A

Pseudoconditioning

36
Q

Pseudoconditioning is what type of learning

A

Non-associative

37
Q

What is pseudoconditioning

A

When a CS produces a response that looks like a CR, but no US has been paired
e.g. air puff (US) produces eye blink (UR)
CS should not be any stimuli that naturally produces an eye blink

38
Q

What are the two types of association that may be learned through classical conditioning?

A

S-S association (stimulus-stimulus)
S-R association (stimulus-response)

39
Q

What is S-S association

A

Appearance of CR means CS has substituted US
e.g. light paired with food in dogs, dogs will lick the light

40
Q

What is S-R association

A

Association between CS and the last response made to it

41
Q

Explain Harlow’s research on S-R association in chimps

A

buzzer (CS) + bag pop (US) = fear (CR)
Harlow then habituated chimps to bag pop while they were eating = no fear
BUT, when presented with CS, still presented as fearful

42
Q

Why were the chimps scared of the buzzer in Harlow’s research

A

Because fear was produced the last time the buzzer was present
Association made between CS (buzzer) and CR (fear)

43
Q

Difference between use of food in operant vs classical conditioning

A

Operant = food would act as reward for when the CR (salivation) appears

Classical = food is an elicitor which produces a strong CR (salivation) by producing a strong UR (eating)

44
Q

In classical conditioning, responses are not maintained by their __________

A

Consequences

An Sc 378 (21 decks)

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