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An Sc 378 > Dog Behaviour > Flashcards

Dog Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Dog/cat taxonomical order?

A

Carnivora

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2
Q

Miacidae family includes

A

small, slender, tree dwelling predators

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3
Q

When were dogs domesticated

A

12,000-15,000 yrs ago

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4
Q

Miacines include

A

Dogs, other canids, bears, weasels, raccoons

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5
Q

Closest living relative to the dog

A

grey wolf (canis lupus)

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6
Q

How were wolves domesticated

A

Ice age= ppl less nomadic, wolves that tolerated humans got food/shelter, were then bred/selected for over generations

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7
Q

Domestication vs tameness

A

Tameness = individual level (in one lifetime) (fight/flight threshold smaller)
Domestication = species level

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8
Q

Canalized

A

produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype

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9
Q

Purpose of ritualized signals?

A

Dominance, submission & appeasement enhance survival and reproductive chances of individuals and the pack

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10
Q

What social variation is observed in dogs in pair relationships? Why?

A

In some cases, ranks are obvious (dog guards food, bed, toys, etc w/ aggression)
In other dogs, not obvious (might guard food, not toys, multiple-dog houses might not guard at all (no competition for resources))

Selective breeding for different functions

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11
Q

What is meant by social referencing. Example?

A

Dogs pick up on emotional, behavioural, communicative cues presented by owners, mirrors them back.
e.g. when leaving for vacation, if you’re stressed so are they

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12
Q

Example of sporting breeds and characteristics

A

Pointers, setter, retrievers, spaniels

Aid hunters (locate, flush, retrieve game)

Energetic and active, trainable, social, low aggressivity

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13
Q

Characteristic of hounds (breeds, personality, use)

A

Scent and sight

Hunting (scent hounds and sight hounds)

Independent (ahead of hunter)

Greyhounds and whippets (sight), bloodhounds, etc

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14
Q

Characteristics of working breeds and examples

A

Akita, boxer, rottweiler, husky, etc

Guard property/livestock, pull sleds, water rescues

high reactivity, moderate-high in aggression

Strong bond to one person or family, highly trainable

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15
Q

Characteristics of terriers & breeds

A

Mini schnauzer, wire fox terrier, bull terrier

Find/kill small rodents (high instinct to chase small things)

Independent (when they see a small animal, they go), low-medium trainability, reactive

Predatory response, inter-dog aggression

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16
Q

Characteristics and examples of toy breeds

A

Chihuahua, Pekinese, pug, poodle, shih tzu

Miniaturization of other breed (behaviour similar to larger)

Neotenized features (youthful features)

Bonding w humans, puppy-like behaviours, highly trainable

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17
Q

Herding breed characteristics and examples

A

Border collie, german shepherd, shetland sheepdog

Move livestock, highly trainable

Strong bond, reactive, high chase instinct

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18
Q

What is coprophagy

A

Ingesting feces

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19
Q

Feeding behaviour of canids

A

Opportunistic scavengers, hunt prey and hoard excess

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20
Q

Why would dogs do coprophagy?

A

Mostly small (not uniquely)

Nutritional deficits, genetics, learned behaviour?

Concerning bc of parasites

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21
Q

How many scent receptors do dogs have

A

220 million

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22
Q

What frequencies can dogs hear up to vs child

A

45 KHz (ultrasound)
Child = 20 KHz

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23
Q

What percent of wolf vocalization is barking?

A

2%

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24
Q

What is crepuscular? What kind of canids are crepuscular

A

In cooler temperatures, opportunity to hunt prey greater
Dingos, African wild dogs

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25
Q

When do wolves and foxes hunt

A

nighy

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26
Q

What kind of biological rhythm do dogs follow?

A

Diurnal
sleep when their owners do

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27
Q

What is polyphasic?

A

several bouts of sleep per night (phases of sleep cycle)

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28
Q

When is group behaviour learned

A

Puppy development, 5-6 wks (play fighting in litter)

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29
Q

Why don’t animals want to fight

A

energy depriving

30
Q

When breeds are of a similar size, what can determine rank?

A

Temperament

31
Q

Submissive posture

A

Crouching, tail wagging, rolling over, looking small

32
Q

Arousal (play or aggression) posture

A

Aggressive, ears back, tail up, snarl, play-soliciting behaviour

33
Q

Traits of fear aggression

A

Animal makes body small, but sending mixed messages with raised hackles, snarling, etc

34
Q

What is the function of the hierarchy

A

Stability, reduce intra-group aggression

35
Q

What is allelomimetic behaviour

A

When multiple animals do the same thing at the same time

36
Q

What is social facilitation

A

When one dog starts barking/howling, then others start to follow

37
Q

What can tail wagging indicate?

A

Context-specific: Anxious/nervous, friendly/confident, aggressive
Might also distribute odour

38
Q

When are dogs sexually mature vs wolves

A

Dogs = 7-8 months
Wolves = 22 months

39
Q

Female dogs are diestrous, what is that?

A

heat twice annually

40
Q

What are the stages of the estrous cycle

A

Proestrus (2 wks): blood, restless, seek male attention, unreceptive to mating

Estrus (10-21 days): receptive to mounting, once mated can end early

Metestrus (2 months): period of pregnancy (false/pseudo pregnancy commo)

Anestrus (4-5 months): reproductive inactivity

41
Q

What is the lordosis stance

A

When female receptive to mounting, she elevates her rump and lifts her tail to one side

42
Q

How do puppies find the teat

A

Olfactory cues, nudging, heat

43
Q

When are puppies fully weaned

A

8 wks

44
Q

What happens to mom 5 wks after birth?

A

Decreased milk supply to prep for weaning

45
Q

Dogs are altricial, what is this?

A

Helpless at birth, unable to see or hear, limited movement

46
Q

What is the prenatal period

A

63 days from conception to partruition

47
Q

What is the neonatal period

A

0-14 days, rely on mom (elimination, food), eyes/ear canals closed, limited movement (reflex-driven). Whine, grunt, mew

48
Q

What is the transitional period

A

14-21 days, Neurological and physical change. Eyes open day 13, ear canals day 18-21. Can eliminate by themselves, increased motor skills (walk clumsy), play-fighting and tail wagging

49
Q

What is the socialization period

A

3-10 wks of age, adult patterns of behaviour. Senses/motor abilities developed, time away from mother (less sleeping/feeding). Teeth erupt. Social bonds with mother, littermates and ppl

50
Q

What is the juvenile period

A

10 wks to sexual maturity. Rapid growth (fully grown 8 months), adult teeth at 5 months, removed from mother. Social interactions, puberty (male=slow, female= first heat)

51
Q

Why do dogs scratch

A

Visual or scent cues left from toes or foot pads

52
Q

Why do dogs roll

A

A strong smell will indicate a high ranking dog

53
Q

Why do dogs scent mark

A

Urine and anal glands expelled. Status-seeking behaviour (higher ranking dogs raise leg urinate). Females do it more during estrus to attract males. Feces serve no purpose for dogs

54
Q

When does whelping usually take place, how long does it take

A

Night time, 3-6 hours

55
Q

What is dystocia

A

Difficult labour

56
Q

How does a female act before parturition

A

Restless, secluded, build nest

57
Q

When can puppies eliminate by themselves

A

Transitional stage (2-3 weeks)

58
Q

How long do puppies suckle

A

3-4 weeks, then slowly weaned off (at 5 weeks moms milk supply decreases)

59
Q

When are puppies weaned

A

Around 8 weeks

60
Q

How does wolf weaning differ from dogs

A

Dogs = suckle 3-4 weeks, mom starts to regurgitate
Wolf = mom feeds by regurgitation for first 4 weeks, teaches them to hunt

61
Q

Dogs are altricial, what is this?

A

Born relatively helpless

62
Q

What happens if a dog is removed from te litter before 6 weeks

A

Deprived of social interactions, might lead to behaviour problems towards other dogs later

63
Q

When do dogs begin to display play behaviours. What does this look like and why is it important

A

5-6 weeks
Play bow posture
Teaches them to control intensity of bite and social limits

64
Q

How do dogs communicate

A

Posturing, vocalizations, facial expressions, scent marking

65
Q

How is rank determined

A

Posturing, vocalization, possibly fighting

66
Q

Does weight matter in female pairs?

A

No

67
Q

How do dogs learn social organization/hierarchy

A

Being in group litter, tests of strength during play fighting establish rank

68
Q

What is a dogs foraging/feeding behaviour

A

Opportunistic scavengers
Some will hunt/hoard (all resources — not just food)
Feeding controlled by people

69
Q

What are the miacines

A

Ancestor of canid species (dog, wolves, foxes, coyotes) as well as bears, weasels, raccoons

70
Q

what is the crucial development period

A

4-16 weeks
expose to different people, places, animals, environments
less fearful/aggressive later on

An Sc 378 (21 decks)

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