Midterm 2 (Part 3)

Question 1

blastopore

Answer 1

correspond to opening of aarchenteron

Question 2

coelom

Answer 2

body cavity with tissues from mesoderm and ectoderm, some triploblastic dont have

Question 3

blastopore develops into

Answer 3

mouth (protostomes) anus (deuterostomes)

Question 4

what is metamorphisis

Answer 4

developmental transformation that truns animal into juvenile that resembles adult but not sexually mature

Question 5

what is similar to animals

Answer 5

unicellular choanoflagellates, have similar genome sequences

Question 6

what do body cavities do

Answer 6

support, transport and diffusion, gorwth of organs

Question 7

reproduction in animals

Answer 7

dominated by diploid phase, unicellular haploid phase

Question 8

what forms neural tube/NS

Answer 8

infolding of neural tube from ectoderm

Question 9

what is a neoblast

Answer 9

in fragmentation, undiff. stem cells that can regenerate whole organism

Question 10

when a diploid zygote undergoes mitosis…,

Answer 10

it becomes a blastula

Question 11

bilateral symmetry tissues

Answer 11

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm (triploblastic)

Question 12

what are hox genes

Answer 12

control expression of 100+ genes to determine morphology, homeotic genes to control identity of tissue, orientation, segmentation, repitions

Question 13

what tissues do sponges have

Answer 13

choanocytes similar to choanoflagellates (feeding by filtration)
amoebocytes to transport nutrients to other cells

Question 14

what is gastrulation

Answer 14

formation of gastrula through infolding, formation of enbryonic tissues that will develop to adult body parts

Question 15

features of animals

Answer 15

eukarotyes, multicell. hetertroph, breath oxygen (aerobic/oxidative respiration)

Question 16

radial vs bilateral symmetry?

Answer 16

r- central axis, no anterior/posterior region
b- dorsal/ ventral, anterior region (sensory), posterior( tail, anus, locomotion)

Question 17

archenteron

Answer 17

primitive gut

Question 18

what is larva

Answer 18

sexually immature form of an animal that is morphiologically distinct from adult

Question 19

4 kinds of cell cleavage RIDS

Answer 19

spiral cleavage-oblique to axis
radial-parallel to axis
determinate-each cell specific part of embryo
indeterminate- each cell potential produce complete embryp

Question 20

notochord?

Answer 20

dorsal flexible rod in chordates for support

Question 21

what is an animal

Answer 21

can move, reproduce, cells into tissues, development throuh blastula, abcence of cell wall (matrix)

Question 22

radial symmetry tissues

Answer 22

ectoderm, ednoderm (diploblastic)

Question 23

what are cadherins

Answer 23

proetins for cell attactment, have cytoplasmic cadherin domain,

Question 24

needed for multicellularity

Answer 24

requires cell adherence and cell signaling

Question 25

examples of animals to reproduce sexually

Answer 25

jellyfish (budding), sponges and flatworms (fragmentation), parthenogensis (offspring from unfertilized eggs)