Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO1130 > Final (Part 2) > Flashcards

Final (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is a population

A

group of individuals of single species living in same area that interbreed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is effective population size

A

theoretical population size with the same level of heterozygosity of large population (if everyone could reproduce)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

exponential population growth equation

A

dN/dt=rN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 levels of biodiversity

A

genetic, species, ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are biodiversity hot spots

A

relatively small areas containing many endemic species (found nowhere else in the world) and a large number of endangered species, protecting these spots is priority for many conservationists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

final mark re-capture equation?

A

m/r=s/N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does mark re-capture assume

A

same likelyhood of being sampled, marked individuals mix completely, no one dies birth or leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is r-selection?

A

selection that favours traits at low densities, for a high reproductive success (mature rapidly, short lifespan, large number of offspring, high mortality rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is MVP

A

Minimum Viable Population size (smallest size at which a population is able to sustain its number and survive)
takes into account Ne, individual range, mortality rate, reproductive age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

logistic populations are typical of

A

microorganism cultures (bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a life table

A

summarizes survival/reproduction of individuals in specific age groups, tracks a female cohort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 categories of ecosystem loss

A

3 status categories: collapsed, critically endangered and endangered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do we assume for exponential population growth

A

unlimited resources, colonize new environment, new species or rebound from catastrophic event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

logistic population growth equation

A

dN/dt=rN x (k-n)/k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does population density change

A

= births+immigration-deaths-emigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is k-selection

A

selection that favours traits at high densities, at or near the carrying capacity K (mature more slowly, longer lifespan, have few offspring at a time, low mortality rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

genetic diversity

A

diversity within and between populations. A decrease in genetic diversity (extinction of a population) can prevent microevolution and limit the adaptive potential of a species

18
Q

What is the IUCN

A

International Union for Conservation of Nature- assesses the global conservation
status of species and maintains a Red List of Threatened Species, large fraction of most species is threatned

19
Q

what is a extinction vortex

A

Small populations are prone to extinction
because they are vulnerable to inbreeding and genetic drift, lower fitness- reduces the population size even further in an extinction vortex
(positive feedback loop)

20
Q

what is current high loss of biodiversity due to

A

high rate of extinction of all known extant species

21
Q

ecological diversity

A

variety of ecosystems. The altering of ecosystems
can cause species loss, loss of ecological functions, decline in distribution, disruption of biotic processes and species interactions.

22
Q

what type of curve does logistic population growth produce

A

a sigmoid (s-curve) curve, increase in population size is fastest at intermediate

23
Q

what is life history/ examples

A

all traits that affect organisms schedule of reproduction and survival (mass at birth, reproductive lifespan, age at death, freqeuncy of reproduction, etc)

24
Q

what are some threats to biodiversty

A

habitat loss, invasive species, overharvesting, pollution, acid precipitation, biomagnification (increase across trophic levels), global warming

25
Q

species diversity

A

variety of species within an ecosystem or across the
biosphere. The loss of a species can be local (extirpation) or global (extinction)

26
Q

examples of conservation initiatives

A

Captive-breeding program to breed endangered species in zoos, organization with a focus
on potato to enhance access to affordable nutritious food in developing countries with sustainable agriculture, national parks to maintain ecological processes and prescene of species

27
Q

exponential population growth

A

Growth of a population in ideal, unlimited environment, represented by J-shaped curve when population sizes is plotted overt time

28
Q

what are the two life history strategies

A

many small offspring or few large offspring

29
Q

population dynamics?

A

study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size

30
Q

survivorship curve

A

proportion of individuals in a cohort that are still alive at each age

31
Q

effective population size equation

A

Ne= (4 x Nf x Nm)/ (Nf+ Nm)

32
Q

what is carrying capacity K

A

maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

33
Q

what is population density

A

of individuals per unit area or volume

34
Q

What is the COSEWIC

A

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada- Assesses the conservation status of species found in Canada and makes recommendations to the federal government

35
Q

if N=K…

A

the population stops growing, stationary phase

36
Q

what is conservation biology

A

The integrated study of ecology, evolutionary biology, physiology, molecular biology, and genetics to sustain biological diversity of all levels

37
Q

what is being done in habitat conservation

A

Corridors, connect patches help protect some of the biodiversity
establishment of protected nature reserves (costa rica)
no intervention policy in national parks

38
Q

3 types of survivorship curves?

A

Type I: low death rate of juveniles and adults followed by a rapid increase in old age groups (ex: mammals)
Type II: constant death rate (that you can see on a log scale!), constant throughout the organism’s lifespan
Type III: high mortality for the young followed by a flattening of the death
rate in adults (many fish0

39
Q

what is the mark-recapture method?

A

sample s individuals (mark them)
release s individuals
sample individuals again (r)
count the number of re-sampled marked individuals (m)

40
Q

what is demography

A

study of changes over time in the vital statistics in populations, especially birthrates and death rates

41
Q

what is a trade-off

A

trade-off between the number of offspring and the amount of resources invested in each offspring

42
Q

if population size (N) is small…

A

growth will be closer to r (exponential phase)

BIO1130 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions