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BIO1130 > Final (Part 1) > Flashcards

Final (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

what do interactions depend on

A

biotic and abiotic factors, determine distribution, abundance, diversity and evoltion of organisms

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2
Q

what are so adaptions for flight

A

no bladder, small gonads, no teeth, light skeleton

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3
Q

what are dipnoi

A

functional lungs, gills, crawl in mud, called lungfishes

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4
Q

theoretical maximum?

A

abundance of organism reaches theorectical maximum at optimal value acorss environmental gradient, actual abundace differs from potential because of biological interactions

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5
Q

ctenophora?

A

type of marine jelly, diploblastic, radial symmerty, endothlial tissues and nervous system

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6
Q

what are interspecific interactions

A

interactions that affect survival reproduction, evoltuion, etc. (competition, predation, mutatlism, commenasalism

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7
Q

what is climate/ what determines it

A

long term weather conditions in a area, determinds by temp, precipitation, light, wind

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8
Q

what is ecology

A

study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment

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9
Q

what is bilateria?

A

evolution of bilateral symmetry, same time and triploblasty

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10
Q

commensalism

A

one indivudal benefit, other neutral (cattle egrets and buffalo, whales and barnacles)

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11
Q

what are urochordates?

A

veterbrates ( may have evolved from paedomorphosis:Having some features of the ancestral juvenile stage, but being an adult), loss of 4 hox genes, called tunicate

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12
Q

what is species richness

A

of species in biological community, latitudinal gradient

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13
Q

what are reptiles

A

dry scales with keratin, ectothermic, improved locomotion

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14
Q

What are invertebrates? what group do they form

A

no spine, 95% of species, form a paraphyletic group

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15
Q

what are porifera?

A

sponges, diploblastic with radial symetry, sessile, no true tissues

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16
Q

what do biomes differ in

A

average temp, seasonal variations, soil nutrients composistion, organisms

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17
Q

ecological interactions can drive…

A

evolutionary change

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18
Q

features of chordata?

A

have a notochord, muscles to attach to notochord, dorsal nerve chord (ectoderm), post anal tail, phargenal slits (filtration/ gas exchange)

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19
Q

meromitic lake, thermocline, holomitic lakes

A

lakes that dont display water mixing
t- vertical gradients in temperature that prevent water from mixing
h- lakes with same temp and water throughout year, turnover mixes

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20
Q

what are chondrichthyes

A

cartilagenous fish, placoid scales, homologus vertrebrae teeth (sharks, rays)

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21
Q

what is resource partitioning?

A

differentiation of ecological niches, decrease competition and allow two species to coexsist

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22
Q

features of primates

A

opposable thumb, large brain, short jaw, parental care, overlapping visual fields

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23
Q

features of humans

A

bipedal, short digestive tract, 99% of genome identical to chimpanzee

24
Q

features of birds

A

birds are reptiles and bipedal dinosaurs, feathers are exaption

25
Q

what is competetion

A

2 individuals of different species compete for resource

26
Q

what are echinodermata?

A

bilateral symerty, deuterosome, ambulatory system, marine stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sand dollars

27
Q

what does species distribution depend on

A

evolutionary history, biotic and abiotic factors,

28
Q

what makes acoela and platyhelminthes different from other bilateria?

A

lost their body cavity, dont have digestive tract

29
Q

trophic relationship?

A

Populations of intermediate trophic levels can be controlled by either:
amount of food available in lower trophic levels (bottom-up control)
presence of predators (top-down control)

30
Q

what are biomes

A

major ecosystem type, classified by vegetation and physical environment

31
Q

what are osteichthytes

A

calcium phosphate bones, swim bladder

32
Q

what is a generalist

A

species that thrive in wide variety of of conditions (racoon with varied diet)

33
Q

what are vertebrates

A

species with a skeletal system formed by veterbral column, mucle attatchment, duplication of hox genes

34
Q

life cycle of amphibian?

A

aquatic larval stage, metamorphosis, predator adult

35
Q

how do species respond to climate change

A

natural range is limited, range is shifted north, shrinkage of range, adaptation and expansion of range, barriers prevent colonization

36
Q

what are gnathostomes

A

verterbrates with jaws, have two gill arches (mandibular arch, hyoid arch), anterior gill slits, and duplication of hox genes

37
Q

ray finned vs lobed fin osteichthytes

A

ray- no skeleton in fins, rays project from basal bones (actinopterygii)
lobed- internal fin skeleton, “walk” on substrate (actinistia)

38
Q

what are amniotes?

A

air insulation in embryo stage and ventilation

39
Q

what is dispersal

A

movement of indivudals away from area of origin or from centers of high population density, reliazed distrubtion is not always the same as the suitable range

40
Q

what species are considered to be Ecdysozoa?

A

protosome animals with exoskeleton, ecdysis, prescence of ganglions (bugs, worms, lobster)

41
Q

what is a specialist

A

species that thrives in narrow range of environmental conditions (koala with ecalpytus)

42
Q

example of adaption after drought

A

el nino, food was scarce, strong natural slection, birds with beaks for large shells were favored

43
Q

features of mammals

A

mammary glands, endothermy, differentiated teeth, hair and fat layer, kidneys

44
Q

different kinds of ecology

A

organismal, population, community, ecosystem, landscape, global

45
Q

4 embryonic membranes?

A

chorion- outer membrane, gas exchange
amnion- surrounds cavity (mech. protection)
allantois- surrounds disposal sac (meta. waste)
yolk sac- nutrients

46
Q

what adaptions in tetra pods lead to colonization

A

support against gravity, vascular system, breathing/hearing in air

47
Q

what species are considered to be lophotrochozoa

A

protosome animals with either lopophore ( ciliated tentacles around mouth) or trochophore (specific larval stage)

48
Q

how do chondrichthyes reproduce?

A

3 modes: oviparous (egg laying, external hatch)
ovoviviparous (embryo feed from eggs yolk, internal hatch)
viviparous (feed through placenta, birth)

49
Q

what is a keystone species

A

species that has a large influence on species richness of the community relative to its abundance

50
Q

what are tetra pods

A

four limbs with digits, new land niches

51
Q

what are cephalochordates?

A

feeding through filtration in pharynx, lateral movment for locomotion, called lancelets

52
Q

3 hypothesis for latitudinal gradient

A
  1. more solar energy- longer growing season, higher productivity, more biodiversity
  2. more stable climate- niche specialization, resource partitioning, more biodiversity
  3. temperate vulnerable to glaciations- tropics stayed undistrubed, reduced extinction, more biodiversity
53
Q

cnidaria?

A

jellyfish, anemones, corals, diploblastic, radial symerty, hydrostatic skelton

54
Q

what are cyclostomes

A

vertebraes without jaws, circular mouth, called hagfishes or lampreys

55
Q

what is a competitive niche

A

all of the biotic and abiotic resources used by a species, realized niche is always smaller than fundamental niche because of competition

BIO1130 (9 decks)

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