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BIO1130 > Midterm 2 (Part 2) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

fungi are not…

A

plants

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2
Q

features of protists?

A

most unicellular, can be photo/auto/mixotrophs, asexual and sexual repro.

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3
Q

key innovation of seed plant 1

A

reduced gametophyte protected from enviromental stresses, dessication, uv

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4
Q

diplontic?

A

multicellular cell is in the diploid stage, formation of haploid gametes (animals)

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5
Q

cuticle and stomata

A

c- protects against desiccation
s- pore that allows for gas exchange and water regulation

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6
Q

golgi appartus?

A

protein modifications and trafficking

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7
Q

3 kinds of life cycles?

A

diplontic, haplodiplontic, haplontic

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8
Q

eukaryotes are a…

A

monophyletic group (common ancestor all descendants)

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9
Q

perioxisome

A

enzymes to tranfer H to O2 and remove H2O2

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10
Q

2 types of spore production

A

homosporus- bisexual gamete (seedless vascular)
heterosporus- male or female gametophyte (seed plants)

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11
Q

what do photosynthetic eukaryotes have?

A

mitochondria and plastids (chloro,chromo,amylplasts

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12
Q

ER?

A

rough- protein systhesis
smooth- lipid syn, metabolsim, steroids, carbs

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13
Q

Features of eukaryotes?

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm (cytosol, organelles, inclusions), nucleus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, flaggelum

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14
Q

how does Marchantia polymorpha reproduce

A

cups have cell buds that propogate and form new indivual

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15
Q

plant embryos do what?

A

retained in the maternal gametophyte tissues for protection and nutrition

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16
Q

what are gymnosperms?

A

non flowering seed plants

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17
Q

protists and malaria?

A

sickle cell causes advantage, inhibits parasite infection of the host, heterozygote advantage, higher frequency

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18
Q

2 types of seed dispersal in flowers/fruit

A

amnemochory- wind
zoochory- animals

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19
Q

haplontic?

A

multicellular cell is in the haploid stage, the diploid stage is a single cell (fungi protists)

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20
Q

what are tracheophytes?

A

monophyletic group of vascular plants, dominated by sporophyte, gametophyte reduced in size

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21
Q

what is pseudopodia?

A

cellular extension for moving an feeding

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22
Q

Features of sexual reproduction

A

diploid produce haploid through meiosis, differ in size (anisogamy), fertilization

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23
Q

what is the apical meristem

A

region of stem cell diviosn at the tip of roots and shoots, allow for indeterminate growth

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24
Q

haplodiplontic

A

multicellular cell is in the diploid and haploid stages (plants)

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25
Q

2 kinds of transport tissues?

A

xylem- water and minerals to leaves
pholem- sugars, product of photosynthesis

26
Q

key innovation of seed plant 4

A

pollen grain means gametophyte can disperse far

27
Q

lysoosme

A

digestion

28
Q

features of flowers

A

modified leaves for reproduction, carpel produces female gamete, stamen produces male

29
Q

features of fruit

A

nature ovary of flower, seed dispersal

30
Q

what is fungi

A

heterotrophs and decomposers, repro. sex or asexually

31
Q

problems of living above water line

A

dry, gravity effect, no nutrients in atmosphere, temp changes

32
Q

what are spores protected by

A

sporopollenin, highly resistant polymer

33
Q

advantages of heterospory?

A

specific selection/functions, better nourish the embyro, mature at different time (no self fertil.)

34
Q

what is ligin

A

polymer in cell walls, impermeable to water and structural

35
Q

advantages of living above water line

A

sunlight, more co2, nutrients on shoreline

36
Q

how does spore dispersion occur

A

in the air

37
Q

what are choanoflagellates

A

singular posterior flagellum with chitin

38
Q

Diff in animal, plant, fungi cells

A

a- no cell wall chloroplasts
p- vacuole, no flagella, plastids, cellulose
f- no flagella, chitin, less compartementation

39
Q

features of gymnosperms

A

seed is exposes, can survive years, evolved to dryer climates, sperm cells not flagellated

40
Q

what are bryophytes

A

paraphyletic non-vascular plants, dont produce seeds or flowes (mosses, liverworts), absence of specialized tissues for water/ nutrients

41
Q

what is lichen

A

symbiosis between algae and fungi

42
Q

explain life cycle of bryophyte

A

dominated by gametophytes, attacth to substrate by rhizoids, spores make male or female, grow, sperm release fertilize female, grow produce more spores

43
Q

alteration of generations in plants?

A

haplodiplontic life cycle, multicell 2n (sphorophyte) and n (gametophyte) individuals

44
Q

what is double fertilization

A

one cell fert. egg (zygote), one sperm fuses w/ 2 nuclei to make endosperm to nourish zygote

45
Q

key innovation of seed plant 2

A

ovule contains megaspore, fertilization without water

46
Q

what is plamodium

A

parasote transmitted by mosquitoes that causes malaria

47
Q

dinoflagellates?

A

two flagella, can bloom (red tide)

48
Q

First plant fossil

A

Cooksonia, no leaves, roots, flowers, vascualr tissue with spores, gas exchange

49
Q

dis/advantages of sexual reproduction?

A

dis-look for partner, dilutes own genes, two-fold cost of sex (slower)
ad-new gene combos, elim. of bad alleles, speed adaption in new environments

50
Q

the first eukarotic cells came from..

A

endosymbiosis

51
Q

what is a spermatophyte?

A

seed plant, embryo surrounded by nutrients and protective coat

52
Q

what are protists?

A

all eukarya except animal, plants, fungi, paraphyltic group

53
Q

what is vascularization

A

prescene of tissues to transport water, nutrients, sugars

54
Q

Maturation in fruit

A

ovary matures to fruit, ovules mature to seeds

55
Q

key innovation of seed plant 3

A

heterosporus, furtur dispersion and nourishing of embryo

56
Q

what are angiosperms

A

flowering plants with seeds, 90% of plants

57
Q

biolumienescense?

A

production of light, mechanical stress converts chem energy into light

58
Q

myxomycetes?

A

unicellular, 720 sexes, immortal, movement, produce spores, can learn

59
Q

key innovation of seed plant 5

A

seed increases survival during reproduction and embyro is protected

60
Q

features of plants?

A

eukaryotes, photoautotrophs, cellulose walls, sex or asex reproduction, chlorplasts with chlorophyll, beta-carotenes, xantophylls

BIO1130 (9 decks)

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