Midterm #2 - Ch.6 Socioemotional Development in Childhood

Question 1

initiative vs guilt (Erikson)

Answer 1

• children use perceptual, motor, cognitive, or language skills to make things happen
• conscience is a governor of initiative
• initiative can bring reward but also guilt

Question 2

industry vs inferiority (Erikson)

Answer 2

• industry is dominant, children are interested in how things are made and how they work
• parents who think their child is being mischievous can foster inferiority

Question 3

2 aspects in self understanding

Answer 3

1. shift from concrete, physical terms to psychological terms
2. increase in realism and social comparisons

Question 4

self-esteem

Answer 4

• global evaluations of self

Question 5

self-concept

Answer 5

• domain specific evaluations of the self

Question 6

effects of low self-esteem

Answer 6

• obesity, depression, anxiety, drug use
• lower life satisfaction at 30yrs
• could be related to parental neglect or abuse

Question 7

how to increase self-esteem

Answer 7

• identify causes of low self-esteem
• provide emotional support and social approval

Question 8

self-efficacy

Answer 8

• belief that one can master a situation and produce favourable outcomes
• critical factor in whether or not students can achieve

Question 9

self-regulation

Answer 9

• increases in middle and late childhood
• characterized by deliberate efforts to manage one’s behaviours, emotions, and thoughts that lead to social competence and achievement

Question 10

perspective-taking

Answer 10

• social cognitive process involved in assuming the perspective of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings

Question 11

gender identity (text)

Answer 11

• sense of being male or female

Question 12

gender roles (text)

Answer 12

• “set of expectation that prescribe how females or males should act, think, and feel”