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Psych243 > Midterm #1 - Ch.1 Lifespan Theories > Flashcards

Midterm #1 - Ch.1 Lifespan Theories Flashcards

1
Q

development

A
  • pattern of movement/change
  • starts at conception and continues throughout the lifespan
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2
Q

life expectancy

A

average number of years that a person born in a particular year can expect to live

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3
Q

when did most of the gains in life expectancy occur?

A

1921-1951

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4
Q

life span perspective

A
  • development is lifelong
  • biological, sociocultural, and individual
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5
Q

plastic

A

the capacity for change

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6
Q

context

A
  • the setting in which development happens
  • influenced by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors
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7
Q

normative age-graded influence

A
  • common
  • same thing happens to everyone at that age
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8
Q

normative history-graded influence

A
  • generational
  • ie. covid
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9
Q

normative life events

A
  • specific to individual
  • ie. death of a loved one
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10
Q

culture

A

behaviour patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group passed on through generations

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11
Q

cross cultural studies

A
  • compare across cultures
  • info about similarity of child development
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12
Q

biological processes

A
  • changes in physical nature
  • environment affects gene expression
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13
Q

cognitive processes

A
  • changes in an individuals thoughts, intelligence, or language
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14
Q

socioemotional processes

A
  • changes in an individuals relationship with other people, emotions, and personality
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15
Q

chronological age

A

years since birth

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16
Q

biological age

A
  • health, functional capacities of organs
  • younger bio = live longer
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17
Q

psychological age

A
  • adaptive capacities
  • flexibility, motivation, positive personality
18
Q

social age

A
  • connectedness with others and social roles
  • better social relationship = happier and live longer
19
Q

normal aging pattern

A
  • most people
  • peak functioning at middle age
20
Q

pathological aging pattern

A
  • greater than average decline
  • mild cognitive impairment in early old age
21
Q

successful aging pattern

A
  • positive physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development maintained longer
22
Q

stability vs change

A
  • debate about the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change
  • stability: heredity and early life experiences
  • change: later experiences
23
Q

scientific method steps

A
  1. conceptualize problem or process to study
  2. collect research info
  3. analyze data
  4. conclusions
24
Q

psychoanalytical theory

A
  • unconscious mind and development
  • behaviour = surface characteristic
25
Q

cognitive theory

A
  • stages in development
  • development is age related
  • Piaget and Vygotsky
26
Q

behavioural and cognitive theory

A
  • behaviours learned through interactions with surroundings
  • rewards and punishments
  • observational learning
27
Q

ethological theory

A

study of behaviour of animals in natural habitat

28
Q

humanist theory

A
  • holistic
  • self improvement and intrinsic motivators
29
Q

positive psychology

A

happiness can facilitate growth and development

30
Q

neuroscience and neuroplasticity

A
  • formation of patterns in the brain triggered by events
  • brain connects experiences with neurotransmitters
31
Q

evolutionary theories

A
  • natural selection and survival of the fittest
32
Q

observational research

A
  • systematic
  • control some factors
33
Q

an eclectic theoretical orientation

A

approach that selects and uses the best parts of multiple theories

34
Q

survey/interview research

A
  • ask directly or self report
  • should be clear and unbiased
35
Q

descriptive research

A
  • observe and record behaviour
36
Q

correlational research

A
  • relation between 2 or more events or characteristics
  • predictions
37
Q

experimental research

A
  • carefully regulated factors believed to influence behaviours being studied
38
Q

cross-sectional research

A

compares individuals of different ages

39
Q

longitudinal

A

same individuals studied over a long period of time

40
Q

8 periods of development

A
  • prenatal
  • infancy
  • childhood
  • adolescence
  • early adulthood
  • middle adulthood
  • late adulthood

Psych243 (8 decks)

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