Midterm #1 - Ch.2 Biological Beginnings Flashcards
the evolutionary perspective/theory
- evolution determines how we perceive the world
- adaption, reproduction, and survival shape all behaviour
three components of evolution development psychology
- human “childhood” extended
- evolve “domain specific” psychological mechanisms for specific needs
- evolved “mechanisms” aren’t always adaptive
sources of variability
- unidentical copies of chromosomes
- mutated genes
- differences in genotype and phenotype
polygenetic inheritance
- inherited genes from ancestors
- height, intelligence, skin colour
behaviour genetics
studies influence of heredity and environment on differences in human traits and development
passive genotype-environment correlations
bio parents give environment that transfers interests and inclinations to a child
evocative genotype-environment correlations
child’s characteristics elicit certain types of environments
active genotype-environment correlations
child seeks environments they find compatible and stimulating
epigenetics
- how environment influences gene expression
- bidirectional interchange of heredity and environment = development
germinal stage
- 2 weeks after conception
- attachment of multicellular organism to uterine wall
embryonic stage
- 2 to 8 weeks after conception
- organs and brain develop
- support systems for cells form
fetal stage
- 2 months until birth
- fetus becomes active, and viable as early as 6 months
- face, forehead, eyelids, nose, and chin distinguishable
endoderm
inner layer of cells
ectoderm
- outermost layer
- becomes nervous system, sensory receptors, and skin parts
mesoderm
- middle layer
- surround internal areas
- become circulatory system, bones, muscles, and reproductive system
4 phases of brain development
- neurogenesis
- neural migration
- synaptogenesis
- myelination
teratogens
any agent that can cause a birth defect/negatively alter cognitive and behavioural outcomes
Apgar scale
- evaluates heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, and body
- rated on a scale of 10
low birth weight
less than 2.3kg at birth
very low birth weight
less than 1.4kg
extremely low birth weight
less than 0.9kg
kangaroo care
- skin to skin contact
- 2-3hrs/day long term
- improves pre-term infant health
bonding
formation of a connection between parent and newborn shortly after birth
postpartum period
- exhaustion, low energy, or really high energy
- loss of sleep/bad quality sleep
- involution (uterus returns to size)
