midterm 2 canine Flashcards
Which treatment predisposes bitches for pyometra?
A. hCG administered at oestrus
B. Oestradiol administered at the earliest days of suspected pregnancy
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
B. Oestradiol administered at the earliest days of suspected pregnancy
Hcg can cause allergic reaction and premature luteal failure
Which treatment predisposes bitches for pyometra?
A. Synthetic gestagens (progestogens) used for suppression of estrus
B. Prolactin inhibitors
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatment
A. Synthetic gestagens (progestogens) used for suppression of estrus
Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?
A. Prostaglandin F2alpha administered at oestrus
B. Oestradiol administered at oestrus
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?
A. Per oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the estrus
B. Per oral administration of synthetic gestagens during the estrus
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments
Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?
A. After rehydration of the patient, ovariohysterectomy
B. Per oral administration of broad spectrum antibiotics
C. Combination of prostaglandin F2alpha and estradiol
D. Combination of prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin
A. After rehydration of the patient, ovariohysterectomy
What is the most reliable method for predicting the time of ovulation in the bitch?
A. Behavioural changes (acceptance of the male)
B. Multiplied epithelium layers in the vagina
C. The number of days after the proestrus vaginal bleeding
D. Determination of the serum oestrogen peak
E. Serum progesterone exceeding the threshold level
E. Serum progesterone exceeding the threshold level
??
What is the most typical picture in the vaginal smears of the bitch around ovulation?
A. Basal and parabasal cells with well-stained large nuclei
B. Predominantly erythrocytes (vaginal bleeding)
C. High number of leukocytes
D. Keratinised anuclear cells with poor staining
E. Vaginal smear with small amount of cells
D. Keratinised anuclear cells with poor staining
Which of the following statements regarding to the dog is incorrect?
A. Increase of relaxin is accurate and reliable symptom for the pregnancy
B. The most reliable sign for the pregnancy is the increase of prolactin
C. Serum progesterone profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches are similar
D. Pseudopregnancy can successfully be treated by anti-prolactin (dopamine antagonist) preparates
E. Canine pregnancy can be diagnosed by real time ultrasonography as early as day 25-30
B. The most reliable sign for the pregnancy is the increase of prolactin
Which of the following statements regarding the artificial insemination of the dog is correct?
A. Native semen should be deposited into the vagina, near the external os of the uterus
B. Insemination with semen chilled or … is successful only if deposited into the uterus
C. Intra-vaginal insemination with frozen thawed semen is successful after increased sperm concentration
D. Frozen thawed semen results in unacceptable conception rate even after surgical (intrauterine) insemination
E. The current sperm freezing protocols results in successful conception rate both after intrauterine and intra-vaginal insemination
A. Native semen should be deposited into the vagina, near the external os of the uterus
Polydipsia develops in pyometra due to:
A. Deposition of immune-complexes in the kidney
B. Acidosis due to Na resorption
C. AVP desensibilisation due to endotoxins
D. Hypertonisation of small intestine due to acidosis
C. AVP desensibilisation due to endotoxins
Which conservative treatment could you administer in case of canine pyometra?
A. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, Proligestone, PGF2a
B. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, Ringer lactate
C. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, Ergometrine, NaHCO
D. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, treatment of acid base imbalance
D. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, treatment of acid base imbalance
What may happen if the gestagen-suppressed proestrus is followed by an ovariectomy?
A. Nothing
B. Pseudopregnancy
C. Pyometra
D. Incontinentia urinae
C. Pyometra
Your dog patient delivered 3-4 days ago. She is sick with high temperature, and fetid, bad smelling, reddish brown vaginal discharge. What is your diagnosis?
A. Pyometra
B. Abortion
C. Metritis
D. Necrotic placenta
C. Metritis
In cat ovulation is induced by the copulation-induced elevation of:
A. LH
B. FSH
C. GnRH
D. Progesterone
A. LH
In cat you suspect the pyometra in case of the following clinical signs:
A. Polyuria/polydipsia in cat
B. Abdominal enlargement two months after the oestrus
C. Pollakiuria, abdominal pain
D. Conjunctivitis purulent, abdominal enlargement
B. Abdominal enlargement two months after the oestrus
Which statement is false in domestic carnivores?
A. In feline pregnancy, the placenta produces progesterone also
B. In dog the main luteotrophic factor is the prolactin
C. The canine pyometra does usually occur some days before the expected time of estrus
D. Decrease duration of daily (night time) melatonin elevation induces the folliculogenesis in cat
C. The canine pyometra does usually occur some days before the expected time of estrus
Thrombocytopenia is not induced by one of the followings:
A. Pyometra
B. Administration of oestradiol opinionate containing preparations
C. Administration of oestradiol benzoate containing preparations
D. Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate containing preparations
D. Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate containing preparations
Duration of regular corpus luteum phase in non-pregnant dogs is?
A. About 60 days
B. About 17 days
C. About 35-45 days
D. About 100 days
A. About 60 days
Which statement is false?
A. Pyometra occurs usually in aged bitches
B. Pyometra occurs usually in the luteal phase in bitches
C. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have never been pregnant in their life
D. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have been pregnant several times in their life
D. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have been pregnant several times in their life
Which signs is not characteristic for starting a delivery?
A. Vulva-oedema
B. Foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
C. Udder oedema and colostrum secretion
D. Labour pains
B. Foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
Which species has a refracted broken final part, of the soft birth canal?
A. Dog
B. Horse
C. Cattle
D. Cat
A. Dog
Which of these pain types is responsible for the expulsion of the placenta?
A. Opening pains
B. Expulsive pains
C. Violent pains
D. After pains
D. After pains
Which one is the causative agent of pyometra?
A. Due to bacterial complication
B. Due to endometrial degeneration
C. Oestrogen and progesterone abnormalities
C. Oestrogen and progesterone abnormalities
Preovulatory lutenizationin the bitch means:
A. Follicles start to produce progesterone before ovulation
B. Follicles rupture at ovulation and corpora lutea start to produce progesterone only after it
C. Progesterone rises only after fertilization
D. No preovulatory luteinization in the canine species
A. Follicles start to produce progesterone before ovulation
Progesterone value in the bitch at the ovulation:
A. Less than 1 ng/ml
B. 2 ng/ml
C. 5-8 ng/ml
D. More than 10 ng/ml
C. 5-8 ng/ml
In which stage of mating is most of the seminal fluid ejaculated in male dog?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
E. All of the stages
B. Stage 2
Cell dyeing for determination of live/death proportion of dog semen:
A. Diff-Quick
B. Giemsa
C. Kovács-Foote
D. Shorr-Papanicolaou
B. Giemsa
Mark the correct answer! (dog semen)
A. Dog semen has two fractions
B. The second fraction originates from prostatic gland
C. The prostatic fraction is collected together with sperm rich fraction
D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen
E. The dog semen is not fractionated
D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen
Mark the correct answer! (dog semen)
A. Dog semen has two fractions
B. The second fraction originates from prostatic gland
C. The prostatic fraction is collected together with sperm rich fraction
D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen
E. The dog semen is not fractionated
D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen
Mark the incorrect answer connection with healthy dog semen:
A. Quantity: 2,5-8 ml
B. Concentration: 4-400 million/ml
C. Sperm number/ejaculate: 300-2000 millions
D. Progressive motility: <70%
E. Normal morphology: >80%
D. Progressive motility: <70%
Vaginoscopy findings: if endoscopic apperance of the vaginal mucosa is red, flat, smooth and dry, it is probably?
A. Anestrus or diestrus (metestrus)
B. Pro-estrus
C. Estrus
D. Cannot be linked to any cycle stage
A. Anestrus or diestrus (metestrus)
If apperance of vaginal mucosa is red/pink with large, shiny, oedematous folds and copious serosanguinous discharge, it is characteristic of?
A. Early pro-estrus
B. Estrus
C. Anoestrus
D. Dioestrus (metoestrus)
A. Early pro-estrus
If apperance of vaginal mucosa is dry with large, tacky, pale pink/whitish/creamy and folds are angulated, wrinkled, it is characteristic
of?
A. Early pro-estrus
B. Estrus
C. Anestrus
D. Diestrus (metestrus)
B. Estrus
Advised angle and direction of introducing vaginal speculum in the bitch?
A. 45 degree, craniodorsal direction
B. 45 degree, cranioventral direction
C. Horizontal
D. Vertica
A. 45 degree, craniodorsal direction
Which anatomic structure(s) should be avoided when collectiong vaginal smears:
A. Dorsal wall of the vagina
B. Clitoral fossa and urethral opening
C. Cervix uteri
D. No special care is needed
B. Clitoral fossa and urethral opening
Which hormone cause the thickening of the vaginal mucosa?
A. Progesterone
B. LH
C. Prolactin
D. Oestrogen
D. Oestrogen
If vaginal cytology shows that more than 75% of the cells are anuclear cornified/keratinized cells it is:
A. Metestrus/diestrus
B. Estrus
C. Pro-estrus
D. Anestrus
B. Estrus
If vaginal cytology shows that more than 75% of the cells are anuclear cornified/keratinized cells it is:
A. Metestrus/diestrus
B. Estrus
C. Pro-estrus
D. Anestrus
B. Estrus
In the bitch what may be the consequence of spaying in metestrus?
A. Nothing
B. Pyometra
C. Pregnancy
D. Pseudopregnancy
E. Obesity
D. Pseudopregnancy
In the bitch what may be the consequence of ovariectomy, if the animal is operated during the effect of acting gestagens treatment?
A. Nothing
B. Pyometra
C. Pregnancy
D. Pseudopregnancy
E. Obesity
B. Pyometra
In the bitch what may be the consequence of ovariectomy, if the animal is operated during the effect of acting gestagens treatment?
A. Nothing
B. Pyometra
C. Pregnancy
D. Pseudopregnancy
E. Obesity
B. Pyometra
When do you recommend for prophylactic calcium supplementation in the bitch?
A. Before parturition in small-sized dogs
B. Before parturition in large-sized dogs
C. After parturition in large-sized dogs
D. After parturition in small-sized dogs
E. Just in case of eclampsia puerperalis
D. After parturition in small-sized dogs
Changes in vaginoscopy findings in bitches during heat depend from?
A. The progesterone concentration
B. The oestrogen concentration
C. The LH concentration
D. The FSH concentration
E. The vaginal cytology
A. The progesterone concentration
Which is the immediately indication of caesarean section in small animal practice:
A. Palatoshisis
B. Fetal 170 BPM
C. Pregnancy toxaemia
D. Meconium in foetal fluid
E. 67th day pregnancy calculated from LH peak
C. Pregnancy toxaemia
Which one is not a point of view of the narcosis protocol?
A. Antidotum
B. Does not induce hypoxia
C. Does not depress the blood pressure
D. The latest literature references
E. Safety to use
D. The latest literature references
Which one is usable for caesarean section?
A. Acepromazine
B. Opioids
C. Halothane
D. Barbiturates
E. T-61
B. Opioids
Which is the first step of caesarean section?
A. Clinical examination
B. Pre-oxygenation
C. Shaving of hair
D. Disinfection of skin
E. Narcosis induction
B. Pre-oxygenation
What do we have to do with the new-borns just after the birth?
A. Disinfection of umbilicus
B. Clearing of airways
C. Drying with towels
D. Checking heartbeats
E. Warming
B. Clearing of airways
What do we have to do at first with hypoglycaemic and hypothermia in new-borns?
A. Warming
B. Feeding with tube
C. Glucose infusion
D. Antibiotics
E. Naloxone administration
C. Glucose infusion
Which one is not the way of fluid therapy in new-borns?
A. Intravenous
B. Intraperitoneal
C. Intraosseous
D. Subcutan
E. Per os
D. Subcutan
Which one does not predispose the new-borns for septicaemia?
A. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is less than prescribed
B. Wound
C. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is higher than prescribed
D. New dog in the kennel
E. Antibiotic treatment
C. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is higher than prescribed
Which antibiotics can be used during the lactation?
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Cephalosporins
C. Fluoroquinolones
D. Tetracycline
E. Aminoglycosides
B. Cephalosporins
What is your diagnosis in the postpartum bitch patient, having high temperature and panting?
A. Hypoglycaemia
B. Hyperglycaemia
C. Ketonuria
D. Hypercalcaemia
E. Hypocalcaemia
E. Hypocalcaemia
At the end of pregnancy in the dog:
A. The progesterone concentration increases
B. The prolactin concentration decreases
C. The oestrogen concentration increases
D. A LH peak is induced
E. Relaxin concentration reaches the maximum
E. Relaxin concentration reaches the maximum
Which of the below conditions is not a postpartum disease in dogs?
A. Hyperketonaemia
B. Hypocalcaemia
C. Eclampsia puerperalis
D. Placenta retention
E. Endometritis
A. Hyperketonaemia
Which of the below factors is not characteristic for pregnancy toxicosis in bitches?
A. Alkalosis
B. Acidosis
C. Hypoglycaemia
D. Ketonaemia
E. Hypothermia
A. Alkalosis
Which is not a reason of eclampsia puerperalis?
A. Lactation
B. Calcium supplementation during the pregnancy
C. Liver dysfunction during pregnancy
D. Phosphorus supplementation during the pregnancy
E. Elongated parturition
C. Liver dysfunction during pregnancy
Which statement does not characterize the LH peak in dogs?
A. Duration of it is 12-24 hours
B. It is induced by increased function of “surge” centre of hypothalamus
C. It precede 2 days the ovulation
D. It is induced by ovulation
E. Function of tonic centre of hypothalamus induced minor LH impulses
D. It is induced by ovulation
Which statement is true? Clinical signs of oestrus in dogs are induced by:
A. Increase in progesterone concentration
B. Increase in oestrogen concentration
C. LH peak
D. Increase in prolactin concentration
E. Decrease is progesterone concentration
B. Increase in oestrogen concentration
Which order is true in dogs?
A. LH peak – Nidation – Fertilisation – Ovulation
B. Ovulation – Oestrogen increase – Progesterone increase – Fertilisation
C. Oestrogen increase – LH peak – Oestrogen decrease – Fertilisation
D. Nidation – Fertilization – Progesterone increase – Oestrogen decrease
E. LH peak – Progesterone decrease – Oestrogen increase – Nidation
C. Oestrogen increase – LH peak – Oestrogen decrease – Fertilisation
How could the time of ovulation be determined in dogs?
A. Measurement of FSH concentration
B. Female accepts approach of males
C. Measurement of oestrogen concentration
D. Measurement of progesterone concentration
E. Between day 9-13th after onset of heating
D. Measurement of progesterone concentration
Which species is spontaneously ovulating domestic mammals?
A. Dogs
B. Cats
C. Both
D. None
A. Dogs
Which species have induced ovulation?
A. Dogs
B. Cats
C. Both
D. None
B. Cats
