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Reproduction > Canine > Flashcards

Canine Flashcards

1
Q

Where and when do the eggs finish maturation in the dog?

a. 2-3 days after ovulation in the fallopian tube
b. 4-5 days after ovulation in the fallopian tube
c. In the follicle
d. In the womb

A

a. 2-3 days after ovulation in the fallopian tube

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2
Q

What causes the transformation of the vaginal epithelium after oestrus in the dog?

a. Changes in the concentration of progesterone
b. Changes in the concentration of estrogen
c. Changes in the concentration of LH
d. Changes in the concentration of FSH

A

b. Changes in the concentration of estrogen

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3
Q

What triggers the receptive behavior in the bitch, as well as the development of the LH
peaks?

a. Increased E2 concentration in the blood
b. Increased E2 in the follicle
c. The decrease in the E2 to P4 ratio centrally
d. Increased LH concentration in the blood

A

c. The decrease in the E2 to P4 ratio centrally.

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4
Q

How high is the expected concentration of progesterone on day 0 of oestrus (LH peak) in the dog?

a. >6 ng/ml
b. It will reach the 2ng/ml level
c. 10 ng/ml
d. <1 ng/ml

A

b. It will reach the 2ng/ml level

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5
Q

What does preovulatory luteinization mean?

a. The serum concentration of progesterone level is increasing before LH has reached its peak
b. The serum concentration of progesterone starts increasing after ovulation
c. It is a pathological condition that can arise in young bitches
d. None of the above

A

a. The serum concentration of progesterone level is increasing before LH has reached its peak

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6
Q

Which of the following explains a lowered body temperature prior to parturition in dogs?

a. Estrogen stimulates the thermoregulation center
b. Prolactin stimulates the thermoregulation center
c. Relaxin stimulates the thermoregulation center
d. Progesterone stimulates the thermoregulation center during pregnancy
e. The womb requires a high amount of energy during parturition

A

d. Progesterone stimulates the thermoregulation center during pregnancy

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7
Q

What are the maternal recognition mediators in the dog?

a. Placental lactogens
b. Pregnancy-specific protein B
c. Interferon tau
d. The specific signal mechanism is not known in dogs

A

d. The specific signal mechanism is not known in dogs

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8
Q

Which of the following is an incorrect heart rate for the fetus?

a. 100-150 bpm - after moderate fetal distress
b. Under 180 bpm indicates immediate cesarean section
c. Under 180 bpm after severe fetal distress
d. Physiologically above 220 bpm

A

a. 100-150 bpm - after moderate fetal distress

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9
Q

What is characteristic of a dog’s sexual cycle?

a. Seasonal polyoestrous
b. Seasonally monoestrous
c. The sexual cycle is regulated internally and is determined by the amount of hours spent in daylight
d. The dog does not have a seasonal cycle, it is spontaneously monoestrous.

A

d. The dog does not have a seasonal cycle, it is spontaneously monoestrous.

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10
Q

in what stage of heat is the proportion of cornified cells highest in the dog?

a. Anoestrus
b. Proestrus
c. Dioestrus
d. Oestrus
e. Metoestrus

A

d. Oestrus

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11
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the hormonal background of the luteinizing phase in the dog?

a. In the second half of pregnancy the LH and prolactin hormones are important luteotrophic factors

b. The lowered level of LH causes miscarriage

c. The continuation of pregnancy is maintained by progesterone produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta

d. The pregnancy-specific relaxin hormone has an indirect luteotrophic effect

A

B

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11
Q

Which of the following stimulates prolactin production in the dog?

a. Serotonin
b. Dopamine
c. Prolactin inhibitory factor
d. Progesterone
e. Estrogen

A

a. Serotonin

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12
Q

Which stage of the cycle can the selection of LH-sensitive follicles be observed in the dog?

a. Proestrus
b. Late anestrus
c. Dioestrus
d. Oestrus

A

b. Late anestrus

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13
Q

A dilute, egg-white secretion is excreted from the vagina of a pregnant dog. What is the presumed diagnosis?

a. Metritis
b. Parturition is approaching, and the mucus-plug dissolves
c. Parturition has started, the amniotic fluid has been released
d. Termination of the fetus

A

b. Parturition is approaching, and the mucus-plug dissolves

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14
Q

Which of the following is TRUE? Clinical signs of proestrus in the dog…

a. Is caused by an increase in progesterone
b. Is caused by an increase in estrogen
c. Is caused by an increase in LH
d. Is caused by rising levels of prolactin

A

b. Is caused by an increase in estrogen

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15
Q

What is the difference in P4 levels in case of pregnant and non-pregnant bitches?

a: nothing

b: Pregnant bitches have high progesterone levels during the whole length of pregnancy, while in non-pregnant bitches progesteron values drop after the oestrus.

c: In pregnant bitches placenta produces the progesterone, and it is responsible for the high P4-values during pregnancy.

d:In non-pregnant bitches there is no ovulation, so the progesterone level stays low.

A

b: Pregnant bitches have high progesterone levels during the whole length of pregnancy, while in non-pregnant bitches progesteron values drop after the oestrus.

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16
Q

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding canine pregnancy!

a: Ultrasonography is the most preferred modality for pregnancy diagnosis, assessment of litter size, viability of foetus and fetal age

b: Radiographyis the most preferred modality for pregnancy diagnosis, assessment of litter size, viability of foetus and fetal age

c: Early detection of pregnancy is possible by measuring progesterone levels

d: Measuremnt of plasma relaxin concentration is the most preferred method for pregnancy diagnosis, assessment of litter size, viability of foetus and fetal age

A

d: Measuremnt of plasma relaxin concentration is the most preferred method for pregnancy diagnosis, assessment of litter size, viability of foetus and fetal age

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17
Q

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding clinical and biochemical
alterations in pregnant bitch!

a: Increased plasma volume sufficient to cause a normo-chromic, normo-cytic anemia

b: Increased insulin resistance

c: Constantly decreasing energy requuirements

d: mild leukocytosis

A

c: Constantly decreasing energy requuirements

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18
Q

Mark the CORRECT statement! What happens by the end of canine
pregnancy?

a: The progesterone concentration increases
b: The prolactin concentration decreases
c: The relaxin concentration is high
d: LH peak is induced

A

c: The relaxin concentration is high

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19
Q

Which is not a sign for impending parturition in bitch? Mark the
INCORRECT statement!

a: the bitch is restless, nesting
b: Vulva becomes swollen and edematous
c: Clear, translucent, watery discharge from the vagina
d: Sudden increase in body temperature by 1-2 °C

A

d: Sudden increase in body temperature by 1-2 °C

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20
Q

Mark the INCORRECT statement! Situations in which to avoid the use of oxytocin are:

a: After the delivery of the last pup
b: The bitch is already in hard labor
c: When 2 doses do not succeed in delivering a pup
d: in the presence of fetal distress

A

a: After the delivery of the last pup

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21
Q

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding clinical pseudopregnancy?

a: lactation appears in all cases

b: all nonpregnant bitches in diestrus are pseudopregnant however, the clinical symptoms are varied

c: : Predisposed bitches usually suffer the syndrome after each estrous cycle becoming more severe throughout their lifetime

d:Clinical signs usually begin 6 to 12 weeks after estrus

A

a: lactation appears in all cases

22
Q

How does the plasma progesterone change after ovulation?

a: decreases
b: stagnates
c: increases
d: fluctuates

A

c: increases

23
Q

Which of the followings is NOT indication for artificial insemination?

a: Prevention of genital infections
b: Lower quality semen
c: Physical difficulties in mating
d: Cryptorchid male

A

d: Cryptorchid male

24
Q

What influences the changes in vaginal epithelium during the heat?

a: the progesteron concentration
b: the estrogen concentration
c: the LH concentration
d: the FSH concentration

A

b: the estrogen concentration

25
Q

How long is the dog’s pregnancy?

a: 92-93 day
b: 45-55 day
c: 62-63 day
d: 56-58 day

A

c: 62-63 day

56-72 days from first mating/breeding, but need to go to the ER if it’s more than 68 days from last breeding

26
Q

Which factor does NOT influence the success of AI:

a: Determining the optimal time for AI
b: Semen quality
c: Insemination technique
d: the weather of the day

A

d: the weather of the day

27
Q

What can be the consequence of spaying a dog in diestrus?

a: Nothing
b: Obesity
c: Pregnancy
d: Overt Pseudopregnancy

A

d: Overt Pseudopregnancy

28
Q

What is your suspected diagnosis in case of mucoid vaginal discharge in a pregnant dog?

a: Onset of parturition, flow away of foetal fluid.
b: Foetal death.
c: Metritis.
d: Onset of parturition, flow away of mucoid plug.

A

d: Onset of parturition, flow away of mucoid plug.

29
Q

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding pseudopregnancy?

a: A physiological condition that does not always involve lactation

b: In susceptible individuals, spaying during diestrus can also lead to iatrogen clinical pseudopregnancy

c: In case of pseudopregnancy, spaying is contraindicated even during anestrus

d: It can be treated with dopamine agonists through inhibition of prolactin activity

A

c: In case of pseudopregnancy, spaying is contraindicated even during anestrus

30
Q

Which statement is FALSE concerning the Normal Uterine Involution:

a: The major amount of involution occurs during the initial 4-6 week postpartum period

b: Odorless green, dark red/brown, or obvious bloody vaginal discharge is characteristic

c: fever and foul-smelling brownish or reddish brown vaginal discharge are characteristic

d: The nonpregnant uterus also undergoes involution after diestrus

A

c: fever and foul-smelling brownish or reddish brown vaginal discharge are characteristic

31
Q

“Mark the INCORRECT statement! Which factor does NOT predispose to PRIMARY UTERINE INERTIA:

a: inadequate uterine stimulation in one- or two-pup litters

b: old bitch

c: obesity

d: high humidity

A

d: high humidity

32
Q

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding clinical pseudopregnancy?

a: Medical treatment is not recommended in patients with mild clinical pseudopregnancy

b: In case of lactation, medical treatment is recommended

c: The use of a dopamine antagonist as primary medication is recommended

d: Vomiting may occur as a side effect of medication

A

c: The use of a dopamine antagonist as primary medication is recommended

Ingen er egentlig feil…. Ho seie I video at dei behandle med dopamin først

33
Q

What is characteristic of the reproductive cycle in dogs?

a: Seasonally Polyestrus

b: Reproductive cycle in dogs is determined by an internal circannual rhythm and the number of hours of light

c: Seasonally Monoestrus

d. seasonally monoestrus, spontaneous ovulation

A

d. asesonally monoestrus, spontaneous ovulation

34
Q

What is the meaning of preovulatory luteinization?

a: An increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed.

b: The plasma progesterone level starts to increase after the ovulation.

c: Pathological condition, which can occur in young bitches.

d: None of the above

A

a: An increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed.

35
Q

Where and when does the oocyte maturation process end, so when does the oocyte become fertilizable in bitch?

a: In the ovarian follicle, 2-3 days after ovulation
b: In the uterine lumen, 2-3 days after ovulation
c: In the fallopian tube, 2-3 days after ovulation
d: In the fallopian tube, 4-5 days after ovulation

A

c: In the fallopian tube, 2-3 days after ovulation

36
Q

When do you NOT necessarily have to think about dystocia (prolonged or difficult parturition)?

a: If greenish discharge is excreted from the vagina of the bitch for approx. 3 hours but no puppies have been born yet.

b: The bitch has been panting, trembling, restless for 6 hours but nothing else is happening yet

c: The bitch has been panting, trembling, restless for 6 hours, the bitch bites backwards, sometimes cries painfully, but no amniotic fluid flows from the vagina and no pups in the birth canal

d: The bitch has had abdominal contractions for 45 minutes without successfully expelling a puppy

A

b: The bitch has been panting, trembling, restless for 6 hours but nothing else is happening yet

37
Q

Which statement is FALSE concerning the hormonal background of the luteal phase in bitches?

a: During the second half of pregnancy, prolactin and LH are important luteotropic factors

b: Low LH levels cause abortion

c: Progesterone, produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta, is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy.

d: The pregnancy-specific relaxin hormone has an indirect luteotropic effect

A

b: Low LH levels cause abortion

38
Q

How could you explain the decrease of body temperature prior to parturition?

a: Estrogen increase provokes the thermoregulatory center of CNS

b: Prolactin peak provokes the thermoregulatory center of CNS

c: Increased progesteron provokes the thermoregulatory center of CNS during the pregnancy

d: Uterine contractions need more metabolic energy

A

c: Increased progesteron provokes the thermoregulatory center of CNS during the pregnancy

39
Q

In the dog, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of…..

a: Placental lactogen
b: Pregnancy specific protein B
c: Interferon tau
d: No signal mechanism is known in the dog

A

d: No signal mechanism is known in the dog

40
Q

Which statement is correct? Clinical signs of prooestrus in dogs are induced by …

a: increase of progesterone concentration.
b: increase of oestrogen concentration.
c: LH peak.
d: increase of prolactin concentration.

A

b: increase of oestrogen concentration.

41
Q

Mark the CORRECT statement regarding pregnancy diagnosis!

a: Invasion of placental trophectoderm occurs late, around day 22 (Day day of the LH surge)

b: Embryos can enter the uterus around Day 3 (Day day of the LH surge)

c: The dog has a hemochorial placental structure
d: Fertilization is completed in the uterine horn

A

a: Invasion of placental trophectoderm occurs late, around day 22 (Day day of the LH surge)

42
Q

How could be evidenced the completed ovulation in dogs

  1. LH conc measurement
  2. Female accepts the approach of males
  3. Measurement of oestrogen conc
  4. Measurement of progesterone conc
  5. Between day 9-13 after the onset of heat
A
  1. Measurement of progesterone conc
43
Q

What is characteristic of the reproductive cycle in dogs

  1. Seasonally polyoestrous
  2. Polyoestrous
  3. Seasonally monoestrous
  4. A seasonal monoestrous, spontaneous ovulation
A
  1. A seasonal monoestrous, spontaneous ovulation
44
Q

What is NOT characteristic of a cat’s reproductive cycle

  1. Seasonal polyoestrous
  2. Induced ovulation
  3. Spontaneous ovulation does NOT occur
  4. The cycle can be interrupted by the summer heat or stress
A
  1. Spontaneous ovulation does NOT occur
45
Q

The follicular phase consists of

  1. Dioestrus + metestrus
  2. Proestrus + oestrus
  3. Metestrus + oestrus
  4. Oestrus + dioestrus
A
  1. Proestrus + oestrus
46
Q

Where can the GnRH surge centre be found in males

  1. Male do not have a GnRH surge centre
  2. In the hypothalamus
  3. In the hypophysis
  4. In the testis
A
  1. Male do not have a GnRH surge centre
47
Q

What is the most important accessory male organs in the male dog

  1. Vesicular gland
  2. Bulbus glandis
  3. Cowper’s gland
  4. Prostate
  5. Ampulla
A
  1. Prostate
48
Q

What treatment do you use in cats with hyperplastic fibroadenoma complex/ hyperplastic fibro adenomatosis

  1. Aglepristone
  2. Deslorelin
  3. Progesterone
  4. Cabergoline
A
  1. Aglepristone
49
Q

Mark the correct statement about pyometra

  1. Hormonally mediated proestrual disorder
  2. Obligatory prerequisite for the onset of the disease is hyperplasia and degeneration of the uterine wall
  3. The most important predisposing factor is the cumulative effect of oestrogen
  4. Progesterone-induced changes of the endometrium facilitate adherence of E.coli
A
  1. Progesterone-induced changes of the endometrium facilitate adherence of E.coli

??

50
Q

What is the target cell of the FSH in the testis

  1. Sertoli-cell
  2. Leydig-cell
  3. Spermatid
  4. Spermatogonia
A
  1. Sertoli-cell
51
Q

In how many fractions does the dog ejaculate semen:

  1. fraction 1
  2. fraction 2
  3. fraction 3
  4. fraction 4
A
  1. fraction 3

??

52
Q

What is the volume of the 2nd part/phase of the dog ejaculate:

  1. 1-6ml
  2. 20-30ml
  3. 40-50ml
  4. 10-20ml
A
  1. 1-6ml

??

53
Q

Mark the CORRECT statement. What happens by the end of canine pregnancy:

  1. The progesterone increase
  2. The prolactin increase
  3. The relaxine conc is high
  4. LH peak is induced
A
  1. The relaxine conc is high

Reproduction (19 decks)

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