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Reproduction > 2021 - final > Flashcards

2021 - final Flashcards

1
Q

How could be evidenced the completed ovulation in the dog?

  1. with LH concentration measurement
  2. female accepts approach of males
  3. measurement of oestrogen concentration
  4. measurement of progesterone concentration
  5. between day 9-13 after onset of heat
A
  1. measurement of progesterone concentration
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2
Q

What is characteristic of the reproductive cycle in dogs?

  1. Seasonally polyesters
  2. Polyestrus
  3. Seasonally monoestrus
  4. Aseasonal monoestrus, spontaneous ovulation
A
  1. Aseasonal monoestrus, spontaneous ovulation
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3
Q

What do endometrial cups produce?

  1. hCG
  2. PMSG
  3. PGF2⍺
  4. Progesterone
A
  1. PMSG

These cups produce equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), also known as pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG)

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4
Q

Which statement is correct? Clinical signs of proestrus in dogs are induced by..

  1. increase of progesterone concentration
  2. increase of oestrogen concentration
  3. LH peak
  4. increase of prolactin concentration
A
  1. increase of oestrogen concentration
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5
Q

What is NOT characteristic of a cat’s reproductive cycle? (Mark the incorrect statement)

  1. it is characteristic by seasonal polyestrus
  2. it is characterised by induce ovulation
  3. spontaneous ovulation does not occur
  4. the cycle can be interrupted by summer heat or stress
A
  1. spontaneous ovulation does not occur
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6
Q

Length of oestrus and expected time of ovulation in the mare?

  1. 12-24 hrs, between 24-26 hrs
  2. 24-36 hrs, between 30-34 hrs
  3. 36-48 hrs, between 42-46 hrs
  4. approx. 7 days, one day before the end of oestrus
A
  1. approx. 7 days, one day before the end of oestrus

Duration of oestrus: 5-7 days (can be as short as 2 days, and as long as 11 days)

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7
Q

In how many fractions does the dog ejaculate the semen?

1
2
3
4

A

3

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8
Q

What is the tight junction?

  1. Blood-testis barrier to protect the developing spermatozoa
  2. Connection between testis and epididymis
  3. Connection between epididymis and ductus defferens

4 Attachment point of the tail of the spermatozoa

A
  1. Blood-testis barrier to protect the developing spermatozoa
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9
Q

A freemartin is…

  1. an overweight bull born to a heifer co-twin
  2. a hermaphrodite cow
  3. a sterile heifer born a a co-twin of a bull
  4. a pseudohermaphrodite calf
A
  1. a sterile heifer born a a co-twin of a bull
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10
Q

High-yielding dairy cows have…

  1. Too much progesterone
  2. Too much fat at caudal area
  3. Too much estrogen
  4. Negative energy balance after calving
A
  1. Negative energy balance after calving
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11
Q

Length of the oestrus in pigs

  1. 24hrs
  2. 2-3 days
  3. 4 days
  4. 7 days
A
  1. 2-3 days
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12
Q

What is the most important accessory male organ in the male dog?

  1. Vesicular gland
  2. Bulbus glandis
  3. Cowper’s gland
  4. Prostate
  5. Ampulla
A
  1. Prostate
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13
Q

What does the embryo need for the maternal recognition in the mare?

  1. Hatching
  2. Intrauterine migration
  3. Formation of endometrial cups
  4. Placentation
A
  1. Intrauterine migration
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14
Q

What is the “back pressure test”?

  1. During oestrus, the sow stand still, if we apply pressure on its back
  2. During pregnancy, the sow stands still, if we apply pressure on its back. This is a method for early pregnancy detection.
  3. If we turn a newborn piglet on its back, it will turn to sternal position quickly. We can judge their vitality with this method.
  4. If we apply pressure on the back of a healthy pig while it’s laying down, it will stand up. This way, we can select the sick ones.
A
  1. During oestrus, the sow stand still, if we apply pressure on its back
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15
Q

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in cow is driven by…

  1. Embryonic mobility phase
  2. Estrogens
  3. B-INF-tau
  4. Caprine-INF-tau
A
  1. B-INF-tau
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16
Q

How long is the oestrus cycle in the goat?

  1. 20-21 days
  2. 16-17 days
  3. 27-28 days
  4. 9-10 days
A
  1. 20-21 days
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17
Q

What does flushing mean?

  1. Increased vitamin intake
  2. Increased protein intake
  3. Increased energy and protein intake
  4. Increased Ca intake
A
  1. Increased energy and protein intake
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18
Q

During a normal oestrus in the mare, we see..

  1. there are no behavioural oestrus signs
  2. uterine oedema before ovulation
  3. 2-3cm fluid in the uterine lumen
  4. more dominant follicles and active corpora luteal
A
  1. uterine oedema before ovulation
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19
Q

The follicular phase consists of..

  1. diestrus + metestrus
  2. proestrus + estrus
  3. metestrus + estrus
  4. oestrus + diestrus
A
  1. proestrus + estrus
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20
Q

What is the average volume of the bull ejaculation?

  1. 6ml
  2. 1ml
  3. 20ml
  4. 50ml
A
  1. 6ml
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21
Q

What is the ideal time frame for early fetal sexing in the mare?

  1. Days 55-70
  2. Days 15-25
  3. Days 100-120
  4. Days 200 onward
A
  1. Days 55-70
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22
Q

Where is the semen deposited/put in the cow at the insemination?

  1. Vagina
  2. Cervix
  3. Body of the uterus
  4. Into the oviduct
A
  1. Body of the uterus
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23
Q

Which accessory sex glands can be found in the stallion?

  1. Ampullae, glandula vesicularis, prostate
  2. Ampullae, glandula vesicularis, prostate, glandula bulbourethralis
  3. Only the prostate gland
  4. Ampullae, prostate and glandula bulbourethralis
A
  1. Ampullae, glandula vesicularis, prostate, glandula bulbourethralis
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24
Q

What can be a consequence of spaying a dog in diestrus?

  1. Nothing
  2. Pyometra
  3. Pregnancy
  4. overt Pseudopregnancy
  5. Obesity
A
  1. overt Pseudopregnancy
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25
Q

Which inseminaton technique is not used in the ewe?

  1. Vaginal
  2. Cervical
  3. Intrauterine
  4. Rectovaginal
A
  1. Rectovaginal
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26
Q

What is the temperature of the liquid nitrogen?

  1. minus 196°C
  2. minus 60°C
  3. minus 280°C
  4. minus 20°C
A
  1. minus 196°C
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27
Q

What treatment do you use in cats with hyperplastic fibroadenoma complex/hyperplastic fibroadenomatosis?

  1. Aglepristone
  2. Deslorelin
  3. Progesterone
  4. Cabergolin
A
  1. Aglepristone
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28
Q

What is indicated by the less opaque appearance of the collected semen?

  1. Low concentration of the semen/spermatozoa
  2. Low motility of the spermatozoa
  3. Low viability of spermatozoa
  4. High number of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology
A
  1. Low concentration of the semen/spermatozoa
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29
Q

What is the target cell of the FSH in the testis?

  1. Sertoli-cell
  2. Leydig-cell
  3. Spermatid
  4. Spermatogonia
A
  1. Sertoli-cell
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30
Q

The high magnification is used to evaluate the..

  1. Massmovement of the spermatozoa
  2. Progressive movement of the spermatozoa
  3. Individual movement of the spermatozoa
  4. Ratio of local motile spermatozoa
A
  1. Individual movement of the spermatozoa
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31
Q

What is the volume of the 2nd part/phase of the dog ejaculate?

  1. 1-6ml
  2. 20-30ml
  3. 40-50ml
  4. 10-20ml
A
  1. 1-6ml
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32
Q

What is the response of the live spermatozoa in the hypo-osmotic swelling test?

  1. Shrinkage of the head
  2. Shrinkage of the tail
  3. Swelling of the head
  4. Swelling of the tail
A
  1. Swelling of the tail
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33
Q

What the peroxidase-test is used for?

  1. Morphology test
  2. Motility test
  3. To detect with blood cells (WBC)
  4. To detect red blood cells (RBC
A
  1. To detect with blood cells (WBC)
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34
Q

How long is the bovine estrous cycle on average?

  1. 21 days
  2. 26 days
  3. 17 days
  4. 6 months
A
  1. 21 days
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35
Q

Where can be found the GnRH surge centre in the males?

  1. Males do no have GnRH surge centre
  2. In the hypothalamus
  3. In the Hypophysis
  4. In the testis
A
  1. Males do no have GnRH surge centre
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36
Q

*How could you explain the decrease of body temperature prior to parturition in dogs?

  1. Estrogen increase provokes the thermoregulatory centre of CNS
  2. Prolactin peak provokes the thermoregulatory centre of CNS

3.increased progesterone provokes the thermoregulatory centre of CNS during the pregnancy

  1. Uterine contractions need more metabolic energy
A

3.Increased progesterone provokes the thermoregulatory centre of CNS during the pregnancy

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37
Q

Mark the correct statement about the pyometra.

  1. Hormonally mediated proestrual disorder
  2. Obligatory prerequisite for the onset of the disease is hyperplasia and degeneration of the uterine wall
  3. The most important predisposing factor is the cumulative effect of estrogen
  4. Progesterone-induced changes of the endometrium facilitate adherence of E. coli
A
  1. Progesterone-induced changes of the endometrium facilitate adherence of E. coli
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38
Q

What kind of changes happen during slow cooling of native cells?

  1. Due to influx of water the cell volume increases
  2. Decrease of intracellular osmotic pressure
  3. Formation of extracellular ice crystals
  4. Due to water efflux the cell volume decreases and the intracellular osmotic pressure increases
A
  1. Due to water efflux the cell volume decreases and the intracellular osmotic pressure increases
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39
Q

What does the analytical sensitivity show?

  1. Precision of the assay
  2. Mean of the random errors
  3. Reproducibility of the assay
  4. Minimal detectable concentration
A
  1. Minimal detectable concentration
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40
Q

When and where should the recovered in vivo embryos be transferred in the Bovine?

  1. On day 4, into the vagina, near to the external os of the cervix
  2. On day 9, into the tip of the contralateral uterine horn
  3. On day 7, into the uterine body
  4. On dat 7, into the ipsilateral uterine horn
A
  1. On dat 7, into the ipsilateral uterine horn ???
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41
Q

Methods for evaluation of recovered embryos for freezing or fresh transfer: Choose the incorrect answer.

  1. Time lapse cinematography to assess the speed of cleavage
  2. Detection of metabolic products of developing embryos (metabolomics)
  3. Microscopic evaluation of the embryo morphology and developmental stage
  4. Visualisation of the female pronucleus by staining
A
  1. Time lapse cinematography to assess the speed of cleavage
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42
Q

Which spermatozoa is stained at the Viability-test (eosin)?

  1. Live
  2. Dead
  3. In which the membrane function is intact
  4. In which the acrosome reaction is already completed
A
  1. Dead
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43
Q

Working principle of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (fish)?

  1. Co-incubation of denatured (one stranded) DNA sample with fluorescein-labelled DNA probe
  2. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the Y-specific DNA sequence
  3. Amplification of the Y-specific DNA sequence by PCR
  4. Different electric charge of X-bearing and Y-bearing spermatozoa
A
  1. Co-incubation of denatured (one stranded) DNA sample with fluorescein-labelled DNA probe?
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44
Q

Why are the calves created by Nucleus Transfer not true clones?

  1. Because the age of the nucleus donor animal may be years older than that of the recipient oocyte
  2. Because the mitochondrial DNA and epigenetic factors influence the genotype of the offspring
  3. Because true clones can be produced from superovuloated cows only
  4. Because fully identical calves can be generated only by transgenesis
A
  1. Because the mitochondrial DNA and epigenetic factors influence the genotype of the offspring
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45
Q

What does necrozoospermia mean?

  1. All spermatozoa are dead
  2. 50% of the spermatozoa are dead
  3. Low motility
  4. High number of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology
A
  1. 50% of the spermatozoa are dead
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46
Q

Mark the correct statement obesity following neutering..

  1. It is most likely to occur after prepubertal or early neutering
  2. It is most common in neutered individuals after sexual maturation
  3. It is mostly characterized by its formation in two years after neutering
  4. It can only be observed in male dogs
A
  1. It is mostly characterized by its formation in two years after neutering?
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47
Q

How is semen collected in the bull in AI stations for frozen semen production?

  1. With electroejaculation
  2. With artificial vagina
  3. With rectal massage
  4. With massage of ampullae
A
  1. With artificial vagina
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48
Q

Small ruminants..

  1. are seasonally polyestrus animals
  2. show the signs of oestrus year round
  3. have 1 or 2 oestrus cycles in a year
  4. are long day breeders
A
  1. are seasonally polyestrus animals
49
Q

Length of pregnancy in the swine

  1. 110 days
  2. 115 days
  3. 120 days
  4. 125 days
50
Q

Which cell produces the testosterone?

  1. Sertoli-cell
  2. Leydig-cell
  3. Granulosa-cell
  4. Interstitial-cell
A
  1. Leydig-cell
51
Q

What is the corpus luteum made of after ovulation?

  • From the platelets of the corpus hemorrhagicum
  • From the granulosa and theca cells of the follicle
  • From the antral follicular fluid
  • From the luteal cells carried by the bloodstream
A
  • From the granulosa and theca cells of the follicle

Large luteal cells: formerly granulosa cells (LLC) “grande”

Small luteal cells: formerly thecal cells (SCL)

Cavity: formerly antrum (sometimes present)

52
Q

What is the role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction?

  • They directly stimulate follicular growth
  • They induce LH production in the pituitary gland
  • GnRH neurons are stimulated or inhibited based on metabolic input
  • They reduce blood leptin levels
A
  • GnRH neurons are stimulated or inhibited based on metabolic input

Kisspeptin as principal regulator acts directly on GnRH neurons – release of LH and FSH into the blood

53
Q

What is the two-cell-two-gonadotropin model?

  • progesterone and estrogen production by different cells
  • Testosterone synthesis (LH) and conversion to estrogen by theca cells a in granulosa cells (FSH)
  • The effect of FSH inducing estrogen production and LH progesterone production
  • The testosterone-dihydro testosterone conversion
A
  • Testosterone synthesis (LH) and conversion to estrogen by theca cells a in granulosa cells (FSH)
54
Q

What is the difference between the mechanism of action of protein and steroid hormones?

  • Protein hormones act in the cytoplasm, steroids in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
  • Protein hormones are only capable of a slow response
  • Steroid hormones enter the cytoplasm, protein hormones do not
  • Only steroid hormones cross the blood-brain barrier
A
  • Protein hormones act in the cytoplasm, steroids in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
55
Q

What regulates seasonal sexual function?

  • Improved level of feeding in spring
  • Internal biological clock
  • Pineal melatonin production via the kisspeptin-GnRH axis
  • The stimulatory effect of the increasing sexual activity of male animals
A
  • Internal biological clock
  • Pineal melatonin production via the kisspeptin-GnRH axis
56
Q

What is the target cell of LH in the testis?

  • Leydig cell
  • Sertoli cell
  • In spermatid
  • Spermatogonia
A
  • Leydig cell
57
Q

Where is the region responsible for determining sex , which supports the formation/ development of male reproductive organs ?

  • x-chromosome
  • y-chromosome
  • Leydig cool
  • Sertoli cell
A
  • y-chromosome
58
Q

Which cell produces Anti Müllerian Hormone (AMH)?

  • Ovum
  • Sperm
  • Leydig celll
  • Sertoli cell
A
  • Sertoli cell
59
Q

The piglet has no….

  • His prostate
  • Bulbourethral gland
  • Ondoholyagya
  • Ampoule
60
Q

How should sperm be collected in the case of male pigs?

  • Electroejaculation
  • Gloved hand technique
  • With artificial sleeve
  • With rectal massage
A
  • Gloved hand technique
61
Q

In how many fractions does the bull ejaculate?

1
2
3
4

62
Q

Anatomical determination of the uterus of the pig

  • two-horned uterus
  • bicornuate uterus
  • uterus duplex
  • simple uterus
A
  • bicornuate uterus
63
Q

What stage are the follicles in when the pig is born?

  • secondary stage
  • primordial stage
  • they develop later
  • primary stage
A
  • primordial stage
64
Q

An important function of the ovary:

  • egg production
  • steroid hormone production
  • place of fertilization
  • ovum and steroid production
A

ovum and steroid production?

65
Q

When does luteinization begin ?

  • right after ovulation
  • on the 2nd day of the cycle
  • just before ovulation
  • after fertilization
A
  • just before ovulation
66
Q

After ovulation, in what condition does the fertile pig egg come out of the follicle?

  • Covered with multi-layered cumulus cells
  • Covered with 1-2 layers of cumulus cells
  • in a bare state
  • as a secondary ovule in a cumulus cloud
A

Covered with multi-layered cumulus cells?

67
Q

What is the name of the formula for early ovulation after ovulation?

  • Yellow body
  • Hemorrhagic body
  • Dig follicle
A
  • Hemorrhagic body?
68
Q

How many primordial follicles are female piglets born with ?

  • 50-70 thousand
  • About 1 billion
  • 400-500 thousand
  • 10-20 thousand
A
  • 400-500 thousand
69
Q

How many waves of follicular growth are there during a pig’s sexual cycle?

  • 2-3
  • no follicular growth spurt
  • 4-5
  • 1
70
Q

Where does fertilization occur in pigs?

  • At the utero-tubal junction
  • At the peak of the horn
  • At the ampulla-isthmus junction
  • Infundibulumban
A
  • At the ampulla-isthmus junction
71
Q

How many sperm does a male pig’s ejaculate contain?

  • Several billion
  • 200-400 million
  • 100-200 million
  • 50-100 million
A
  • Several billion
72
Q

Which statement is true about the mare’s pregnancy?

  • Maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PGF2ÿ production
  • Maternal recognition (day 12-14 of pregnancy) induces PGF2ÿ production
  • Maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PMSG production
  • Maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) prevents the formation of endometrial cups
A
  • Maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PGF2ÿ production
73
Q

What happens in a mare if placental abruption develops after endometrial cups have formed?

  • It will return within 1 month
  • It will return within 2 months
  • It does not return to mud within 3 months
  • It will return after 21 days
A
  • It does not return to mud within 3 months
74
Q

Where does the embryo develop in the mare after xation?

  • At the apex of the uterine horn on the cranio-dorsal side
  • At the apex of the uterine horn on the cranio-ventral side
  • Close to bifurcation on the cranio-dorsal side
  • Close to bifurcation on the cranio-ventral side
A

At the apex of the uterine horn on the cranio-dorsal side

75
Q

Which method is suitable in practice for determining mudslides?

  • Vaginal cytology
  • Measurement of blood estradiol levels
  • The measurement of the electrical conductivity of vaginal mucus
  • None of them
A
  • None of them
76
Q

Which specific pregnancy testing method in mares?

  • Progesterone level measurement
  • Vaginal examination
  • Recognizing the symptoms of frostbite
  • Rectal examination
A

Rectal examination

77
Q

In what cases can measuring the PMSG level give a false positive result for the mare’s pregnancy?

Embryonic mortality before day 21
Embryonic mortality before day 35
Embryonic mortality after day 35
Embryonic mortality before day 16

A

Embryonic mortality after day 35

78
Q

The testimeter…

…used to determine the sex of the
fetus in mares

…used to measure the volume of the testicle

…used to measure the testicle (height, width, length)

…used to detect testosterone in stallions

A

…used to measure the testicle (height, width, length)

79
Q

We do NOT use it in case of a stallion’s testicle injury…

…hydrotherapy to reduce swelling

…antibiotics

…non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs an

attempt to reduce the swelling faster

A

attempt to reduce the swelling faster?

80
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis if:
the uterus is echogenic, there is >3cm of fluid, there is a corpus luteum on one ovary and the mare is empty?

  • subclinical endometritis
  • clinical endometritis
  • endometriosis
  • a good friend
A
  • clinical endometritis
80
Q

From which part of the body can the fetal calf be lifted into the abdominal wall wound during caesarean section in the case of a longitudinal head position?

  • By the two hind legs.
  • By grasping the metatarsals.
  • The metacarpals with grasping.
  • By injuring the hock.
  • By grasping the head and forelimbs .
A
  • By grasping the metatarsals.?
81
Q

How do we treat the cow in case of incomplete opening?

  • Prostaglandin
  • Oxytocin
  • Long-acting oxytocin analogue
  • Denaverin hydrochlorid
  • Progesterone
A
  • Denaverin hydrochlorid?
  • Prostaglandin?
82
Q

In what form is cattle caesarean section most often performed?

  • Standing position and epidural anesthesia.
  • Standing position and local anesthesia.
  • Standing position and general intravenous anesthesia.
  • Supine position and general intravenous anesthesia.
  • Supine position and local anesthesia.
A
  • Standing position and local anesthesia.
83
Q

Where do we make the uterine wound in cattle during caesarean section?

  • Close to the bifurcation on the right horn.
  • On the greater curvature of the pregnant uterine horn.
  • Close to the bifurcation on the pregnant uterine horn.
  • On the small curvature of the pregnant uterine horn.
  • Close to the bifurcation on both horns.
A
  • On the greater curvature of the pregnant uterine horn.
84
Q

What layers should be united during the closure of the uterine wall?

  • Serosa and muscle.
  • Mucosa, muscle and serosa.
  • Mucous membrane and muscle.
  • Mucosa and serosa.
  • Mucous membrane and peritoneum.
A
  • Serosa and muscle??
85
Q

What is the most important first thing to do with a newborn calf?

  • Checking the heart rate .
  • Promoting regular breathing .
  • Drinking colostrum.
  • Inducing the sucking reflex.
  • Checking blood IgG levels .
A
  • Promoting regular breathing .
86
Q

Mark the WRONG answer! How do we treat dam damage in cattle?

  • we give im antibiotics
  • We will sew it up immediately
  • Rinse daily
  • We treat it locally with antibiotics
  • We operate after six weeks
A
  • We will sew it up immediately
87
Q

How long is the effect of a single parenteral oxytocin treatment given to the cow on the day after the first calving ?

until 24 hours
till 12 o’clock
for 10 minutes
Up to 3-4 hours

A

Up to 3-4 hours

88
Q

Which disease is involved if, 5 days after the cow calves, fever, watery, foul- smelling secretions leak from the udder in addition to clinical symptoms?

Pyometra
Clinical endometritis
Puerperal metritis
Clinical metritis

A

Puerperal metritis

89
Q

How would you diagnose uterine inflammation in a cow 3 days after calving?

With ultrasound

By laparoscopy

By vaginal examination

The presence of mucous discharge from the vagina is based on

A

The presence of mucous discharge from the vagina is based on?

chat gpt:

Vaginal examination.

The presence of mucous discharge from the vagina is a common clinical sign of uterine inflammation (also known as metritis) in postpartum cows. Vaginal examination allows a veterinarian to assess the vaginal discharge, evaluate the condition of the uterus, and detect any signs of inflammation or infection. Other diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound or laparoscopy, might be employed for a more detailed evaluation if necessary, but the presence of abnormal vaginal discharge is often a primary indicator of uterine inflammation in cows after calving.

90
Q

How are healthy newborn animals born?

With physiological acidosis

With severe acidosis

With pronounced acidosis Acidosis is not typical

With moderate acidosis

A

With physiological acidosis

91
Q

How to treat severe acidosis in newborn calves?

No treatment is required

NaHCO3 and glucose infusion

Glucose infusion

Artificial respiration

Calcium infusion

A

NaHCO3 and glucose infusion

92
Q

How long can the amniotic sac be removed by hand in cattle?

24 hours
3-5 days
10 days
2 weeks
21 days

A

3-5 days?

24 hours.

It’s essential to remove retained fetal membranes promptly in cattle, ideally within the first 24 hours post-calving, to reduce the risk of complications such as uterine infections or retained placenta. Delayed removal can increase the risk of health issues for the cow

93
Q

How do we treat fetal membrane retention in cattle?

Bee wash 1x per day for 5 days

Systemic antibiotic therapy only

Removal of the amniotic sac by hand and birth control pills

Bee wash twice a day for 3 days

A

Removal of the amniotic sac by hand and birth control pills

94
Q

Mark the WRONG answer! Indication for caesarean section in cattle.

A live absolutely large fetus

Incomplete opening

Uterine torsion

Live fetus with regular presentation and size

An absolutely large fetus that died

A

Live fetus with regular presentation and size

95
Q

How long is the oestrus cycle in sheep?

16-17 days
20-21 days
27-28 days
9-10 days

A

16-17 days

96
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in goats?

20-21 days
16-17 days
27-28 days
9-10 days

A

20-21 days

97
Q

How long is pregnancy in sheep?

150 days
90 days
180 days
60 days

98
Q

A melatonin…..

it is produced in small ruminants during daylight hours

it is produced in small ruminants during the night (dark) hours

it is produced all day long in small ruminants

it is produced in the morning hours in small ruminants

A

it is produced in small ruminants during the night (dark) hours

99
Q

The small ruminants……

seasonally polyestrous animals

estrus symptoms are shown
throughout the year

They have 1-2 cycles per year

long day animals

A

seasonally polyestrous animals

100
Q

What is characteristic of a dog’s sexual cycle?

It is characterized by seasonal

polyester Polyestrous animal

A seasonally estrous monoestrous animal

Non-seasonally estrous, monoestrous, spontaneously ovulating animal

A

Non-seasonally estrous, monoestrous, spontaneously ovulating animal

101
Q

Which statement is true? Clinical signs of estrus in dogs…

it is caused by an increase in progesterone .

it is caused by an increase in estrogen .

it is brought on by the LH surge .

it is caused by an increase in prolactin .

A

it is caused by an increase in estrogen

102
Q

Choose the false statement about the dog’s anestrous period.

Mandatory rest period

Its length is basically determined by the length of the interstice

The beginning of anestrus is an important period of uterine involution

In the last weeks of anestus, intensive follicular development is characteristic of the ovary

A

The beginning of anestrus is an important period of uterine involution???

In the last weeks of anestrus, intensive follicular development is characteristic of the ovary.

During anestrus in dogs, follicular development doesn’t occur as it does during the estrus (heat) cycle. Anestrus is a period of reproductive quiescence characterized by ovarian inactivity and the absence of follicular development until the next estrus cycle. Follicular development, which leads to ovulation and subsequent fertility, does not occur during anestrus.

103
Q

How long is a dog’s pregnancy?

92-93 days
45-55 days
62-63 days
56-58 days

A

62-63 days

104
Q

How do you explain the drop in body temperature in dogs before calving ?

Estrogen stimulates the thermoregulatory center

Prolactin stimulates the thermoregulatory center

Progesterone stimulates the thermoregulatory center during pregnancy

Uterine contractions require a lot of energy

A

Progesterone stimulates the thermoregulatory center during pregnancy

105
Q

Which statement is false regarding the hormonal background of the dog’s luteal phase?

In the second half of pregnancy, prolactin and LH are important luteotropic factors

Low LH levels cause miscarriage

Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy

the pregnancy-specific hormone relaxin has an indirect luteotropic effect

A

Low LH levels cause miscarriage

106
Q

Choose the incorrect statement. It can predispose to primary pain weakness…

few (one or two) fetuses
old bitch
obesity
high humidity

A

high humidity

few (one or two) fetuses

Few (one or two) fetuses are less likely to predispose a dog to primary uterine inertia or weakness during labor. Primary uterine inertia or weakness is more commonly associated with factors such as an oversized litter, small or toy breed dogs with large fetuses, prolonged labor, or hormonal imbalances rather than a small number of fetuses

107
Q

What is not a sign of impending birth? (mark the false statement)

The female is restless ,nesting.

Sudden increase in body temperature by 1-2 C°

A

Sudden increase in body temperature by 1-2 C°

108
Q

What do you think, if 6 weeks after giving birth, the bitch’s vagina discharges bloody discharge, in good general condition

SIPS (subinvolution of placental areas)

Physiological involution

Postpartum endometritis

Pyometra

A

SIPS (subinvolution of placental areas)

109
Q

What is the presumptive diagnosis if the dog is panting after giving birth and its body temperature has risen?

Hypoglycemia
Ketonuria
Hypercalcémia
Hypocalcémia

A

Hypocalcémia

110
Q

Choose the answer that contains the steps of newborn care in the correct order!

  1. Cleaning the airways and oral cavity, 2. Antidote injection, 3. Chest powerful rubbing, 4. Umbilical cord tying, disinfection
  2. Umbilical cord tying, disinfection, 2. Strong rubbing of the chest, 3. Cleaning of airways, oral cavity, 4. Antidote injection
  3. Umbilical cord tying, disinfection, 2. Strong chest rubbing, 3. Antidote injection, 4. Cleaning of airways and oral cavity
  4. Tying the umbilical cord, disinfection, 2. Cleaning the airways and oral cavity, 3. Antidote injection, 4. Vigorous rubbing of the chest
A
  1. Cleaning the airways and oral cavity, 2. Antidote injection, 3. Chest powerful rubbing, 4. Umbilical cord tying, disinfection
111
Q

What is NOT characteristic of a cat’s sexual cycle? (mark the false statement)

In the event that ovulation does not occur, the corpus luteum phase is absent and is after the interestrus period, the female cat enters proestrus again

In the event that ovulation occurred but the mating was not fertile, an approx. A 35-day pseudopregnancy follows

A pseudopregnant cat is characterized by the start of milk production, so even a non-pregnant cat can breastfeed the kittens of other female cats.

In case of fertile mating, the female cat becomes pregnant, the length of the pregnancy is approx. 65 days

A

A pseudopregnant cat is characterized by the start of milk production, so even a non-pregnant cat can breastfeed the kittens of other female cats.

chat gpt:

In the event that ovulation occurred but the mating was not fertile, an approx. A 35-day pseudopregnancy follows.

In cats, if ovulation occurs but mating isn’t fertile, there typically won’t be a pseudopregnancy. Pseudopregnancy, or false pregnancy, occurs due to hormonal changes after an unsuccessful mating, causing the cat to display signs of pregnancy despite not being pregnant. However, the duration of pseudopregnancy is usually shorter, generally lasting around 20-30 days, not around 35 days

112
Q

Mark the incorrect statement. The condition for conservative/medicinal treatment of pyomtera…

…good kidney and liver function

….fatal patient

….breeding value and breeding intention

…the presence of a certain degree of endometrial cancer

A

…the presence of a certain degree of endometrial cancer

chat gpt:

….fatal patient

113
Q

Mark the incorrect statement. In cats, pyometra…

….is less common .

…during which the clinical symptoms are more obscure.

…. kidney damage is not so typical, so the appearance of polydipsia/polyuria nor can it always be accepted.

A

….is less common .

Pyometra in cats is not less common; it’s a relatively common condition, especially in older intact (non-spayed) females. It’s a serious condition where the uterus becomes filled with pus, and it requires immediate veterinary attention.

114
Q

Mark the incorrect statement. Inflammatory carcinoma affecting the breast tissue …

… most often anaplastic carcinoma

…means immediate surgical indication

… often develops in the luteal phase

…in the event of its formation, we see symptoms typical of severe mastitis and skin inflammation

A

…means immediate surgical indication

Chat gtp :

… most often anaplastic carcinoma

Inflammatory carcinoma affecting the breast tissue is not most often anaplastic carcinoma. Instead, it’s most commonly associated with invasive ductal carcinoma or invasive lobular carcinoma. Anaplastic carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of breast cancer, but it’s not the most common type associated with inflammatory breast carcinoma

115
Q

What is the treatment for hyperplastic broadenoma complex in cats?

Aglepriston
Deslorelin
Progesterone
Cabergolin

A

Aglepriston

116
Q

Mark the correct answer! In a male dog after castration ….

… a significant increase in LH and FSH levels can be measured

… a significant increase in estrogen, LH and FSH levels can be measured

…a significant increase in the serum testosterone level and FSH concentration can be measured

…hormone levels do not change

A

… a significant increase in LH and FSH levels can be measured

117
Q

Mark the correct answer! By using GnRH analogues in the form of an implant

..irreversible chemical castration can be performed

already in the first 4-6 hours , the male’s testosterone level can be significantly reduced

the metabolic rate can be increased

while keeping sex hormones at a low level, LH and FSH can be avoided drastic increase in its level

A

already in the first 4-6 hours , the male’s testosterone level can be significantly reduced

Reproduction (19 decks)

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