Hungarian final exam 2022, translated (2) Flashcards
What is true about the mare’s uterus?
− vagina not affected
− vaginal examination has diagnostic value
− rectal examination is not diagnostic
− transabdominal ultrasound has diagnostic value
transabdominal ultrasound has diagnostic value
Which method is suitable in practice for determining mudslides?
− vaginal cytology
− the measurement of blood estradiol levels
− the measurement of the electrical conductivity of vaginal mucus
− none of them
none of them
Do you ovulate outside the breeding season?
- yes
- there is none
− rarely
- We don’t know
rarely
Is there follicle development outside the breeding season?
− Yes
- there is none
- rarely
- We don’t know!
yes
How do we perform insemination with fresh, chilled sperm in the mare?
− with a laparoscope
− with a speculum
− with a fertilization catheter
− with a spongy end fertilization catheter
with a fertilization catheter
What method do we use to collect semen from a stallion?
− artificial sleeve
- electroejaculator
− gloved hand
− a condom
artificial sleeve
What is the form of artificial insemination in mares?
− cervically
− intrauterine
− vaginally
- none of them
Intrauterine
After mating, sperm viability in the mare’s genital tract:
− for 4-5 days
- For 8-9 days
- for 1-2 days
− for 0.5-4 days
for 4-5 days
The optimal time for frozen sperm fertilization in mares:
- 24-48 hours before ovulation
- 12-18 hours before ovulation
− -6 hours before and +6 hours after ovulation
- 24 hours after ovulation
-6 hours before and +6 hours after ovulation
How can the foals’ IgG supply be increased beyond 24 hours after farrowing?
- More colostrum po.
− Frozen and thawed colostrum po.
- More colostrum via nasopharyngeal tube.
− Only with intravenous plasma transfusion.
Only with intravenous plasma transfusion.
What does the 1-2-3 rule mean for newborn foals?
− 1: suckles in 1 hour, 2: stands within 2 hours, 3: meconium passes within 3 hours
− 1: standing within 1 hour, 2: sucking within 2 hours, 3: meconium passes within 3 hours
− 1: meconium passes within 1 hour, 2: suckling within 2 hours, 3: standing within 3 hours
− 1: meconium passes within 1 hour, 2: standing within 2 hours, 3: sucking within 3 hour
1: standing within 1 hour, 2: sucking within 2 hours, 3: meconium passes within 3 hours
What is the main event of the postpartum period?
- Increased relaxin production
− Discharge of the amniotic membrane
− Increased production of PMSG
- Increased progesterone production
Discharge of the amniotic membrane
When does the amniotic membrane rupture during a normal delivery?
− At the same time as the chorioallantoic membrane.
- Sometimes before the rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane.
- Always before the rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane.
− After rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane.
After rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane.
Which one is typical for: smooth, pink, clearly visible blood vessels.
− The fetal side of the allantochorion.
− The fetal side of the amnion.
− The maternal side of the amniotic membrane.
− The maternal side of the allantochorion.
The fetal side of the allantochorion.
Where does the chorioallantoic (allantoic) membrane rupture during a normal delivery?
- At the cervical star, but still in the uterine horn.
− At the cervical star in the cervix.
− Outside the birth canal at the cervical star.
− Outside the birth canal at the apex of the uterine horns
At the cervical star in the cervix.
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What is characteristic of the foal’s intrauterine movement during farrowing?
− By turning from a prone position to a back position.
- None of them are typical.
− By rotating from a supine position to a prone position.
− From a supine position to a prone position, but no rotation.
By rotating from a supine position to a prone position.
Which is a non-clinical symptom of impending parturition?
− Contraction and shortening of labia in the 24 hours before calving.
- Lactation and milk production.
- Waxy drops at the end of the nipple.
- Milk dripping.
Contraction and shortening of labia in the 24 hours before calving.
Which is not involved in the regulation of parturition?
− relaxin
- estradiol
− PGF2α
− PMSG
PMSG
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What is the main factor that triggers calving?
− Progesterone block
- Fetal oxytocin
− Fetal glucocorticoid
− Maternal glucocorticoid
Fetal glucocorticoid
Which period is ideal for early fetal sex determination in mares?
− 55-70. day
− 15-25. day
− 100-120. day
− After the 200th day
After the 200th day
??
The most effective way to end a twin pregnancy is by suppressing:
− 9-15.
− 100-120.
- 70-90.
− 200-333.
9-15.
What happens if a 45-day-old twin-pregnant mare is vaccinated with 1 dose of PGF2α injection?
− one fetus dies
− both fetuses die
− miscarried
- nothing
miscarried
It can NOT be used to successfully terminate a twin pregnancy…
− suppression of one embryo rectally until the 16th day
− luteolysis / miscarriage
− Feed reduction for 10-12 days
− transrectal cranio-cervical dislocation
Feed reduction for 10-12 days
Because it is possible to mistake pregnancy during a rectal examination in a mare in the 100-120. between days?
− with bladder
− with ovaries
- with his left kidney
− with feces balls
with bladder
Which specific pregnancy testing method in mares?
− progesterone level measurement
− vaginal examination
− rectal examination
− monitoring the symptoms of scurvy
rectal examination
How can we check the heartbeat of the embryo in a mare on the 30th day of pregnancy?
− by rectal palpation
- with a phonendoscope
− with ultrasound
− with cardiotocography (CTG)
with ultrasound
What can indicate early embryonal mortality in ewes?
− absence of a heartbeat on the 12th day
− absence of heartbeat on day 16
− absence of heartbeat on day 21
− absence of heartbeat on day 30
absence of heartbeat on day 30
The beginning of placentation (adhesion) in horses…
- 80-85. day
- 20-25. day
- 100th day
- day 40
day 40
Disintegration time of the embryonic glycoprotein capsule:
− 8-10.
− 20-22.
- 40-45.
- 70-90.
20-22.
From which day can ultrasound be used to determine pregnancy in mares at the earliest?
− 12-14. from day
− 21-25. from day
− 28-35. from day
- 60-70. from day
12-14. from day
The placenta takes over progesterone production (in days)…
− 70.
- 100.
- 9-15.
- 30-35.
70
The cause of the formation of accessory corpora lutea…
- INF production
- hCG production
− eCG production
− progesterone production
eCG production
The time of the formation of accessory corpora lutea expressed in days of pregnancy…
- 9-15
- 20-25
− 40-70
− 80-150
40-70
During pregnancy, the horse produces gestational progesterone…
- endometrial cups
− the embryo itself
− corpus luteum(s) and placenta
− only the corpus luteum
corpus luteum(s) and placenta
Minimum progesterone concentration to maintain pregnancy:
− 0.4 ng/ml
− 8 ng/ml
− 15 ng/ml
− 4 ng/ml
4 ng/ml
In horses, it causes maternal recognition of pregnancy…
− embryonic elongation
− embryonic mobility
− eCG
− interferons
embryonic mobility
Which statement is true about the mare’s pregnancy?
− maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PGF2α production
− maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) induces PGF2α production
− maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PMSG production
− maternal recognition (pregnancy days 12-14) prevents the formation of endometrial cups
maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PGF2α production
The time of fixation of the horse embryo expressed in days of pregnancy…
− 12-14
− 5.5-6
− 15-16-17
- 40-45
15-16-17
What is the duration of the embryonic mobility phase in mares?
− 9-10. from day to fixation
- 30-35. day
- 40-45. day
- 80-85. day
9-10. from day to fixation
When does the horse embryo arrive in the womb?
− 12-14. day
− 5.5-6. day
- 30-35. day
- 70-90. day
5.5-6. day
Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) can be detected with great certainty during these days of pregnancy:
− 10-90
− 40-100
− 5.5-6
− 120-170
40-100
The beginning of the formation of endometrial cups…
− approx. 35th day of pregnancy
- approx. 100th day
- approx. Day 75
- approx. 90th day
approx. 35th day of pregnancy
Characteristic of horse pregnancy:
− embryo elongation
− bPAG production
− ovINF-tau production
− capsule formation
Capsule formation
Length of oestrus in mare:
− 2-11 days
- 12:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m
− 48-72 hours
− 24-36 hours
2-11 days
What is the peculiarity of the horse’s sexual cycle?
- polyestrous animal species, with a cycle length of 21 days throughout the year
- polyestrous animal species, with a cycle length of 17 days throughout the year
- seasonally polyestrous, long-day animal species
- a seasonally polyestrous, short-day animal species
seasonally polyestrous, long-day animal species
Which insemination technique is not used in the ewe?
− vaginal/vaginal
− cervical/neck canal
− intrauterine/uterine insemination
− rectovaginal
rectovaginal
When do embryos arrive in the uterus in small ruminants?
− 1-2 days after ovulation
− 3-5 days after ovulation
− 7-8 days after ovulation
− 9-10 days after ovulation
3-5 days after ovulation
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Regarding small ruminants, one of the following statements is correct. Mark it!
− any catheter can be inserted through the cervix
− the catheter can be inserted up to the first fold ring of the cervix
- only the inseminator catheter can be inserted through the cervix
− the cervix cannot be traversed
- the cervix can also be easily dilated during childbirth
??
Mark the WRONG answer! Care of pregnant goats.
- duration of dry standing: 6-8 weeks
− goats with mastitis in the past must also be treated during drying
− pregnant goats must be vaccinated against tetanus and enterotoxaemia 4 weeks before calving
− in case of incomplete opening, only calcium treatment is given
− if protein muscle disease occurs, the animals must be treated with vitamin E and selenium injections
in case of incomplete opening, only calcium treatment is given
Which method can NOT be used to determine early pregnancy in sheep?
− ultrasound examination
− estrogen test
− vaginal biopsy
− rectoabdominal palpation
- prolactin test
vaginal biopsy
Examination of small ruminant ovaries.
- they can be easily examined with a laparoscope
- they can be examined rectally
- they can be easily examined with X-rays
− they can be easily examined with a rectal ultrasound
− they can be easily examined with an abdominal ultrasound
they can be easily examined with an abdominal ultrasound
Which method is the most practical to determine uterine lesions in small ruminants?
− rectal examination
− ultrasonography
− bacteriological examination
- uterine biopsy
− laparoscopy
ultrasonography
Melatonin…
- produced in small ruminants during daylight hours
− it is produced in small ruminants during the night (dark) hours
- it is produced all day long in small ruminants
- produced in the morning hours in small ruminants
it is produced in small ruminants during the night (dark) hours
How long is the estrous cycle in goats?
- 16-17 days
− 20-21 days
- 27-28 days
- 9-10 days
20-21 days
