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Pathology > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

what type of hypersensitivity rection is mediated by IgE, mast cells and basophils

A

type 1

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2
Q

what is the substance released in the body as a response to inhaled pollen ex) hay fever

A

histamine

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3
Q

chronic skin infection that is common in childhood and improves w age

A

atopic dermatitis / eczema

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4
Q

asthma is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

type 1

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5
Q

what happens to RBC in hemolytic anemia

A

they are destroyed faster than they can be produced in bone marrow

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6
Q

is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis a complication of pharyngitis?

A

yes

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7
Q

contact dermatitis hypersensitivity reaction type?

A

type IV

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8
Q

most common sexually transmitted disease in canada

A

chlamydia

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9
Q

what virus is the cold caused by

A

rhinovirus

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10
Q

where does candidiasis (yeast) normally live in the body

A

GI tract
mouth
genital areas
skin

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11
Q

most effective tx for strep group A pyogens

A

antibitoics

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12
Q

which sexually transmitted bacteria may also infect the pharynx, eyes, rectum

A

gonorrhea

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13
Q

how does cholera spread

A

animal and human feces contaminated water

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14
Q

is trichomoniasis caused by a parasite or bacteria

A

parasite

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15
Q

is staphylococcus aureus endogenous or exo

A

endogenous

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16
Q

how do T and B cells mount immune response

they need to come into contact w pathogen by 3 ways:

A

travels through lymphatic vessels
travel through bloodstream
penetrate mucous membranes

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17
Q

pathogenesis of hay fever

A

inhaled pollen triggers release of histamine causing swelling and inflammation

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18
Q

what allergic disorder is a result of hyperproduction of IgE

A

atopic dermatitis

eczema

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19
Q

what is type II cytotoxic antibody mediated reaction mediated by

A

IgG IgM

Graves disease is an example

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20
Q

which gland does Graves disease affect

A

thyroid

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21
Q

what is pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis

A

impaired action potentials on motor neurons bc antibodies attack and destroy acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction

antibodies are produced by B cells and converted into plasma cells that activate T cells and antibodies

in thymus gland

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22
Q

in systemic lupus what is an objective skin finding

A

butterfly rash

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23
Q

most common Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

contact dermatitis

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24
Q

what type of cells does HIV infect

human immunodeficiency virus

A

CD4 & T cells

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25
Q

what does the right lymphatic duct drain

A

drains lymph from right arm, right side of head, right half thorax

into right subclavian vein

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26
Q

what disease causes enlargement of local lymph and red streaks extending from infected area

A

lymphangitis

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27
Q

lower extremity edema =

A

heart failure

28
Q

abdominal swelling =

A

liver cirrhosis

29
Q

diffuse edema =

A

kidney failure

30
Q

what is the kissing disease called

A

epstein barr virus

can cause mono

lifelong infection

B cells become memory cells that never go away

31
Q

first line of defence

A

intact skin and mucous membranes
oil and perspiration
cilia
gag/cough reflex
peristalsis
tears, saliva, mucous
normal gut flora

32
Q

what is a fomite

A

inanimate object that can transmit an infectious disease

keyboard, phone

33
Q

what is a carrier

A

a host/person carrying disease but doesn’t develop illness

34
Q

what is virulence

A

number of organisms and the time they take to start the infection process in a new host

35
Q

vehicle =

A

food or water

36
Q

what is an opportunistic infection

A

results from impaired immune system that cant defend against pathogens that are normally found in the environment

37
Q

4 stages of syphilis

A

primary - lesion appears called chancre
secondary
latent
tertiary - most severe

38
Q

what disease has gummas formed

A

syphilis

39
Q

types of herpes simplex

A

simplex 1 - oral lesions
simplex 2 - genital lesions
varicella -zoster - shingles
epstein barr
cytomegalovirus

40
Q

where does herpes hide

A

dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord and appears when body is stressed

41
Q

what is the basic pathology of polyarteritis nodosa

A

antibody/antigen complexes clump up in arteries causing inflammation and swelling of artery

42
Q

basic pathology of amyloidosis

A

abnormal proteins build up in organs and tissues causing dysfunction

43
Q

when does hodgkins lymphoma peak

A

20’3 and 30’3 and 60’s, 70’s

44
Q

common symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis aka chronic fatigue

A

extreme fatigue
restless sleep
brain fog

45
Q

how is leprosy spread

A

mouth and nose droplets

46
Q

what type of pt is most risk of contracting fungal pneumonia

A

immunocompromised

47
Q

what organ is most affected in rheumatic fever

A

heart

48
Q

what bacteria causes diphtheria

A

corynebacterium diptheria

49
Q

what is trichomoniasis caused by

A

parasite

50
Q

common symptoms of respiratory tract infection

A

increase rate of breathing
cough
hoarseness

51
Q

is HPV part of herpes family

A

no

52
Q

varicella zoster virus =

A

shingles

53
Q

is polio enterovirus

A

yes

54
Q

where does polio travel to once ingested

A

anterior horn of spinal cord

causes mm weakness and flaccid paralysis

55
Q

group A is most commmon type of streptococcus

A

yes

56
Q

e coli is a virulent strain

A

causes gastroenteritis and UTI

dehydration is main cause of death

opportunistic infection

57
Q

what is the leading cause of infection in the world

A

tuberculosis

spread by airborne droplets

latent TB

58
Q

most common BACTERIAL infection

A

chlamydia

“silent STD”

most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy

59
Q

what is a protozoal

A

parasite

60
Q

what does anaphylaxis refer to

A

systemic vasodilation
bronchospasm
increased mucus secretions
edema

61
Q

examples of Type II cytotoxic antibody mediated reactions

A

hemolytic anemia
goodpasture’s syndrome
graves disease
myasthenia gravis

62
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome

A

antibodies produced attack a component of collagen (type IV) that affects the alveoli of the lungs and the glomerulus of the kidneys

63
Q

what causes myasthenia gravis

A

impaired impulse transmission of motor neurons caused by antibodies that attack and destroy acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction

NO CURE

64
Q

what is hypersensitivity reaction type of lupus

A

type III

65
Q

in post streptococcal glomerulonephritis where do antibody complexes stick

A

glomerular basement membrane and invoke inflammatory response

66
Q

what is lymphedema

A

abnormal chronic accumulation of fluids in interstitial space, dysfunction of lymphatic system

67
Q

non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

the spleen and liver enlarge with GI disturbances and back pain

Pathology (8 decks)

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