MIDTERM Flashcards
what type of hypersensitivity rection is mediated by IgE, mast cells and basophils
type 1
what is the substance released in the body as a response to inhaled pollen ex) hay fever
histamine
chronic skin infection that is common in childhood and improves w age
atopic dermatitis / eczema
asthma is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction
type 1
what happens to RBC in hemolytic anemia
they are destroyed faster than they can be produced in bone marrow
is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis a complication of pharyngitis?
yes
contact dermatitis hypersensitivity reaction type?
type IV
most common sexually transmitted disease in canada
chlamydia
what virus is the cold caused by
rhinovirus
where does candidiasis (yeast) normally live in the body
GI tract
mouth
genital areas
skin
most effective tx for strep group A pyogens
antibitoics
which sexually transmitted bacteria may also infect the pharynx, eyes, rectum
gonorrhea
how does cholera spread
animal and human feces contaminated water
is trichomoniasis caused by a parasite or bacteria
parasite
is staphylococcus aureus endogenous or exo
endogenous
how do T and B cells mount immune response
they need to come into contact w pathogen by 3 ways:
travels through lymphatic vessels
travel through bloodstream
penetrate mucous membranes
pathogenesis of hay fever
inhaled pollen triggers release of histamine causing swelling and inflammation
what allergic disorder is a result of hyperproduction of IgE
atopic dermatitis
eczema
what is type II cytotoxic antibody mediated reaction mediated by
IgG IgM
Graves disease is an example
which gland does Graves disease affect
thyroid
what is pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis
impaired action potentials on motor neurons bc antibodies attack and destroy acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction
antibodies are produced by B cells and converted into plasma cells that activate T cells and antibodies
in thymus gland
in systemic lupus what is an objective skin finding
butterfly rash
most common Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
contact dermatitis
what type of cells does HIV infect
human immunodeficiency virus
CD4 & T cells
what does the right lymphatic duct drain
drains lymph from right arm, right side of head, right half thorax
into right subclavian vein
what disease causes enlargement of local lymph and red streaks extending from infected area
lymphangitis
lower extremity edema =
heart failure
abdominal swelling =
liver cirrhosis
diffuse edema =
kidney failure
what is the kissing disease called
epstein barr virus
can cause mono
lifelong infection
B cells become memory cells that never go away
first line of defence
intact skin and mucous membranes
oil and perspiration
cilia
gag/cough reflex
peristalsis
tears, saliva, mucous
normal gut flora
what is a fomite
inanimate object that can transmit an infectious disease
keyboard, phone
what is a carrier
a host/person carrying disease but doesn’t develop illness
what is virulence
number of organisms and the time they take to start the infection process in a new host
vehicle =
food or water
what is an opportunistic infection
results from impaired immune system that cant defend against pathogens that are normally found in the environment
4 stages of syphilis
primary - lesion appears called chancre
secondary
latent
tertiary - most severe
what disease has gummas formed
syphilis
types of herpes simplex
simplex 1 - oral lesions
simplex 2 - genital lesions
varicella -zoster - shingles
epstein barr
cytomegalovirus
where does herpes hide
dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord and appears when body is stressed
what is the basic pathology of polyarteritis nodosa
antibody/antigen complexes clump up in arteries causing inflammation and swelling of artery
basic pathology of amyloidosis
abnormal proteins build up in organs and tissues causing dysfunction
when does hodgkins lymphoma peak
20’3 and 30’3 and 60’s, 70’s
common symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis aka chronic fatigue
extreme fatigue
restless sleep
brain fog
how is leprosy spread
mouth and nose droplets
what type of pt is most risk of contracting fungal pneumonia
immunocompromised
what organ is most affected in rheumatic fever
heart
what bacteria causes diphtheria
corynebacterium diptheria
what is trichomoniasis caused by
parasite
common symptoms of respiratory tract infection
increase rate of breathing
cough
hoarseness
is HPV part of herpes family
no
varicella zoster virus =
shingles
is polio enterovirus
yes
where does polio travel to once ingested
anterior horn of spinal cord
causes mm weakness and flaccid paralysis
group A is most commmon type of streptococcus
yes
e coli is a virulent strain
causes gastroenteritis and UTI
dehydration is main cause of death
opportunistic infection
what is the leading cause of infection in the world
tuberculosis
spread by airborne droplets
latent TB
most common BACTERIAL infection
chlamydia
“silent STD”
most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy
what is a protozoal
parasite
what does anaphylaxis refer to
systemic vasodilation
bronchospasm
increased mucus secretions
edema
examples of Type II cytotoxic antibody mediated reactions
hemolytic anemia
goodpasture’s syndrome
graves disease
myasthenia gravis
Goodpasture’s syndrome
antibodies produced attack a component of collagen (type IV) that affects the alveoli of the lungs and the glomerulus of the kidneys
what causes myasthenia gravis
impaired impulse transmission of motor neurons caused by antibodies that attack and destroy acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
NO CURE
what is hypersensitivity reaction type of lupus
type III
in post streptococcal glomerulonephritis where do antibody complexes stick
glomerular basement membrane and invoke inflammatory response
what is lymphedema
abnormal chronic accumulation of fluids in interstitial space, dysfunction of lymphatic system
non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
the spleen and liver enlarge with GI disturbances and back pain
