Midterm Flashcards
One should study relationships because they are ____ and strongly associated with ____, healthy life
universal, happy
The advent of _____ in 1960 gave women the possibility to live with a degree of independence and control never before imagined in the history of human evolution, or by any other species on the planet.
contraception
The greatest facilitator of women’s success was the advent of ____
contraception
The U.S ruled in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) that couples had the right to access ____without government restriction
contraception
Title ___(1972) prohibits sex-based discrimination in educational settings and significantly increased women’s opportunities to play competitive sports
IX, 9
___ recognized in the US in 1973.
Domestic violence
Which of the following describes the asymmetrical shifts for men & women since the 1950s?
a. Women marched/protested for greater opportunities in higher education & the workplace whereas men marched/protested for greater opportunities to share their feelings & be stay-at-home dads.
b. Straight men now do most household chores whereas women have become the breadwinners in most families.
c. Parents have focused more on teaching their sons to be manly & daughters to be ladylike.
d. Women’s social evolution in the public sphere (e.g., workplace) hasn’t been matched by men’s greater involvement in the private sphere (e.g., household tasks/ childcare).
d
What were the ‘home economics classes”?
a. a class that taught men how to be the ideal breadwinners
b. a class that taught women how to manage their life as housewives
c. a class that trained women for lives located safely within the ‘feminine sphere’
d. a class that trained men for lives located safely within the “male sphere”
c
____ were recommended to take methamphetamine to make them hyper-focused and do more things around the house
Women
The _______ Act of 1974 gave women the right to open their own line of credit without requiring a male cosigner
Equal Credit Opportunity
Woo Young-woo and Jun-ho begin to refer to themselves as “we” rather than I and she/he.
This change reflects the development of
A. conspicuous consumption.
B. magic.
C. interdependence.
c
Marriage is considered a gateway to parenthood in which of the following countries?
A. France
B. South Korea
C. The United States
D. Brazil
E. New Zealand
B
In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association declassified ____as a disorder;
homosexuality
In January ____, women made up more of the workforce than men for the first time
2020
Compared to the 1950s when the median age of marriage for women was 20 and men 24, now the median age for women is ___ and for men it is ___
27, 28
The average age at first marriage is ___ years older for young adults today than it was in the 1970s. Part of the explanation for this trend is that more people are postponing marriage to complete a college education.
five
The average age of mother’s first birth was 21 in the 1970s and now it is ___
25
In 2013, 40.6% of kids were born to___ parents while in the 1960s only _ of babies were born to ___ parents
unmarried, 5%, unmarried
72% of people were married in 2010 it is down to ___ now
52%
There is a __ in single mother household and a __ in single father household
rise
Which of the following is true about modern parenthood?
a. dads are doing more housework and childcare, the role is converging
b. moms are paid to work outside the home
c. dads have overtaken the traditional role of housewife
d. more dads than mothers find it difficult to balance work and family life
a,b
What trends may be associated with the increased rate of cohabitation?
a. The delay in marriage and childbearing.
b. The decrease in the acceptability of premarital sex.
c. Women may associate marriage with gender equality.
d. The increase in the divorce rate has made people more interested in marriage.
a
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Americans in the 1950’s?
A. most children were born to parents married to each other
B. most men and women got married before living together
C. men and women married in their early 20s
D. most married women with kids worked outside the home
d
Which of the following factors have influenced the nature of close relationships in the United States during the period 1950 to today?
A. increasing rights for women
B. more women in the labor market
C. technological developments
D. birth control
E. no fault divorce laws
F. marriage equality
G. Loving v Virginia
H. the Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 gave women the right to apply for their own line of credit without their husband as a cosigner
i. Title iX (or Title 9)
J. The end of laws requiring women to take their husband’s last name when they get married
K. all of these, and probably lots of other things
k
Fathers continue making more in the family and mothers are increasingly more ___ than fathers
educated
About 80% of the U.S public ___ of working wives
approves
On the weekdays, ____ spend 2.1 hrs on childcare and ___ spend ___ 1.0 while on the weekend ___ spend 1.1 while __ spend 1.5
mothers, fathers, fathers, mothers
On the weekdays, ____ spend 2.1 hrs on childcare and ___ spends ___ 1.0 while on the weekend ___ spend 1.1 while __ spend 1.5
mothers, fathers, fathers, mothers
Men are investing more in childcare and household chores but ___ than women have
less
Women’s greater presence in the workplace since the 1970s has also been facilitated by ____ advancements in the era of globalization
technological
T or F: Women become increasingly more likely to remarry than men with increasing age
F: men become increasingly more likely to remarry than women with increasing age
T or F: South Korean young men are more opposed to feminism than older generations
T
By the year 2005, the number of licensed ___ drivers exceeded the number of licensed ___ drivers
female, male
The divorce rate peaks during _____ of marriage
two
T or F: Males drive more safely when their passenger is a female especially if it is their girlfriend
T
People in relationships, particularly good ones, benefit from better ____, ___, and ___ health than people who are not
mental, emotional and physical
__ is six times more likely to be separated or divorced soon after a diagnosis of cancer or multiple sclerosis, than if a man in the relationship
women
About 30% of kids from divorced households have ___ outcomes, & they’re 10 to 20% ____ to divorce later
negative, more likely
____ is our most fundamental human need motivation to form & maintain close, lasting bonds
belonginess
You are taking part in a study on relationships and pain. You are asked to place your hand in freezing-cold water for as long as you can. It becomes quite painful after a few minutes. Given what you know about the neurochemistry of close relationships, under what condition do you think you would subjectively experience the least pain?
a. when your spouse is in the room with you with his or her hand on your shoulder
b. when there is a stranger in the room with his or her hand on your shoulder
c. when you are alone in the room
a
In the hand-holding study conducted by Coan, Schaefer, and Davidson, women were _____ to show anterior insula activation when holding hands with their spouse compared to holding hands with a stranger or with no one. The impact was stronger the more ___ their marriage
less likely, satisfying
____ women are happiest people of all
a. married women with children
b. unmarried, childless women
c. married men with children
d. married men without children
b
T or F: For males just being married whether it is a happy or unhappy marriage, it is better for their health
T
If both individuals come from divorced households then they are ____ likely to divorce
more
If you have an identical twin, the odds that one divorce and the odds of the other divorcing as well is ___ than if they are fraternal twins
higher
____:evolution, biology
_____: how you are raised, what country you are growing up in
nature, nurture
Spouse homicides are more ____ than child homicides
frequent
Family violence rates follow predictions of ____
nature or nurture
nature
People in intimate relationships are ____ to misuse alcohol and drugs
less likley
Percentage of using cocaine ____ when married but ___ when a man gets married then divorced
decreases, increases
Marriages in neighborhoods with ___ SES were almost 2x as likely to dissolve than marriages in neighborhoods with ___ SES
low, high
There are three key questions we are interested in: the ___ question, the ___ question, and the ___ question
longevity, satisfaction, change
Overall happiness with life corresponds more closely to happiness in ____ than to satisfaction with any other domain
a.health
b.hobbies
c.marriage
d.fianance
marriage
As an adolescent, Cha Tae-joo hung out with a rough crowd, used drugs, and skipped school. In his last year of high school, he began a relationship. Cha Tae-joo is now less likely to use drugs & has maintained a full-time job without a problem. What theory explains this change in his behavior?
a. gender role theory
b. interdependence theory
c. social exchange theory
d. social control theory
D
T or F: Those that get married earlier in life are at a higher risk of getting divorced
T
___ is an interconnected set of beliefs, knowledge, & assumptions that relate to understanding a phenomenon
theory
____ is a non-falsifiable theory; meaning
that can’t be changed by any observation.
Bad theory
Happiness can be considered a ____ because it is an abstract concept that needs to be operationalized to be studied
construct
____ a way of ensuring that your sample is representative of a population by giving everyone an equal chance of being selected for the sample
random selection
_____ the process of translating abstract concepts into concrete, observable, manifestations so they can be studied
operationalization
In the Kenrick study, whenever heterosexual individuals look at an opposite-sex photo they tend to rate themselves as feeling the __ of all, their mood ___
best, increases
In the Kenrick study, if the subjects are lesbian, and they are trying to court a bisexual woman, of the opposite sex, we would show an attractive photo of a ___ male
straight
There are several different developmental research methods, one of them is ___ which is when you do research for one single day in time.
a. longitudinal studies
b.cross-sectional studies
c. sequential studies
b
Looking at a study where differences in satisfaction for people dating vs married in one month is an example of a _____
a. sequential
b. longitudinal
c. cross-sectional
cross-sectional study
In self-report measures, there tends to be a _____ bias meaning when people answer the questions they try to look good to the person asking the questions.
social desirability
Men on dating websites tend to lie more about their
a. weight
b. income
c. age
d. height
b
According to a study about casual sex,71.88% of __ and 0% of __ accepted offers of casual sex from opposite-sex proposers. For going on a date, men and women responded yes at __ rates.
men, women, equal
men and women were ___ likely to accept an offer from a female, women were significantly ___ likely to accept an offer from a male
equally, less
T or F: gender differences emerged in the acceptance of actual casual sex offers for bisexual sex
F,no gender differences
lesbians are astronomically more likely to accept casual sex offers from other ____ than straight women are from straight ___ (0%).
lesbians, men
If we are looking at a study where women’s body odors are more attractive to men during ovulation & are associated with an increase in men’s testosterone during this single point in time, this is a ____ study
a. longitudinal studies
b.cross-sectional studies
c. sequential studies
b.cross-sectional studies
dissolution is highest in the first ___ years of marriage
four
In the 1970s, a number of studies suggested that over the course of a long marriage, spouses’ relationship satisfaction generally followed a U-shaped curve: first declining, then remaining stable, and then increasing (presumably after children left home).
In the 1990s, new research proved this idea wrong. Generally, marital satisfaction declines throughout the course of marriage.
What was the difference between the earlier and the later research?
A. The early research examined only American couples, and the later research examined cross-cultural samples.
B. The early research was correlational, and the later research was experimental.
C. The early research suffered from attrition bias, and the later research did not.
D. The early research was longitudinal, and the later research was cross-sectional.
E. The early research was cross-sectional, and the later research was longitudinal.
E
There are three methods of measuring love which is ___, ____ and ___
self-report, psychological, behavioral
There are several different developmental research methods, one of them is ___ which is when you focus on the same individuals over the course of time.
a. longitudinal studies
b.cross-sectional studies
c. sequential studies
a
If we are looking at the course of a month for a couple in how their rate of intercourse change based on cycle of female, then this is a ___-
a. longitudinal studies
b.cross-sectional studies
c. sequential studies
a
Dissolution is highest in the first __ years of marriage & that’s why this period is usually chosen for analysis in ___ studies
a. longitudinal studies
b.cross-sectional studies
c. sequential studies
4, longitudinal studies
In observational research methods, systematic observation includes
a. verbal communication
b. nonverbal communication
c. written communication
d. digital communication
e.bilogical response
d.machine learning response
a,b,c,e
According to John Gottman’s love lab, focusing on nonverbal communication, people who spend more time ____ say they love each other more
staring at each other
According to a dyadic observation with the female subjects sitting on a couch, they were more likely to sit the closest to the ____ than the single ___ whom they sat the furthest away from
gay male, straight male
If we look at pre-existing data such as in newspapers, interviews, social media etc.. to figure out the WNBA and athletic performance based on sexual orientation, then we are conducting ___ research
archival
A news reporter conducted an ___ study where he actually took medicine that gradually turned his skin darker so that he could go into Louisiana and be seen by the white and black community as a black person
ethnographic
the article titled “Clarke’s Law for Girl’s toys”, where a ____ was conducted, it was found that toys for girls are marketed as using magic rather than technology
content analysis
Lesbians are less likely to accept casual sex offers from other ____ than gays are from ___ or straight men are from ___, but lesibans are more likely to accept casual sex offers from other lesbians than straight women are from __
lesbians, gays, women, men
80% of women in ___ in the 90s received diamond rings, 77% of women in ___ in 1995s received diamond rings, 31% of women in ___ in 2010 received a diamond ring
USA, JAPAN, CHINA
There are more unhappily married ___ than ___ but there are more unmarried ___ than ___
women, men, women, men
___ we tend to like those who live and work near us
proximity
___ is rewarding, Distance is costly
proximity
___ is the idea that we become more attracted to people(and objects) that we have been exposed to more frequently
mere exposure
If Jane constantly meets up with her long-distance bf to maintain a close relationship, then she is going to become more attracted to him which reflects the concept of ____
mere exposure
____ is how far apart people live in terms of the functions they have to do in their everyday lives
functional distance
According to the west gate study, rooms 1 and 5 had more friends upstairs bc those living upstairs have to pass by their room to get anywhere. This study reflects the concept of___
functional distance
The more we see and interact with people (the closer the _____) the more familiar they become and the more positive our evaluations. ___ reduces threat and promotes interaction
functional distance, familiarity
According to Cacioppo et al. (2013), marriages created ____ were less likely to break up and reveal a higher martial satisfaction
online
Researchers found that strangers who met on ____ were more attracted to each other than those who met face-to-face
online
T or F: The more often T. As visited college classrooms, the better they were liked by those students even though they never talked to anyone. Thought to have a more attractive personality
T
On the first day of her consumer behavior seminar, Ruoxin doesn’t know any of her 300 classmates. Based on the mere exposure effect, which of the following will Ruoxin report liking most at the end of the course?
a. Park Jae-eon, who sat beside her and missed a few classes
b. Jasper, who sat in the same row & missed a few classes
c. iCarly, who sat across the room from her and didn’t miss any classes
d. Karen
a
