FINAL Flashcards
(222 cards)
1
Q
___ seeking to date someone who is higher in status in particular attributes
hypogamy, hypergamy, homogamy,Heterogamy
A
hypergamy
2
Q
___ seeks to date someone who is lower in particular attributes than oneself
hypogamy or hypergamy, homogamy,Heterogamy
A
hypogamy
3
Q
____ bonding with someone similar on personally relevant attributes(e.g., religion, race, sex, gender)
hypogamy or hypergamy, homogamy,Heterogamy
A
homogamy
4
Q
______ bonding with someone different on personally irrelevant attributes (e.g., religion, race, sex, gender)
hypogamy or hypergamy, homogamy,Heterogamy
A
Heterogamy
5
Q
For heterosexual couples they are almost always ____ on sex, one is male on is female
hypogamy or hypergamy, homogamy,Heterogamy
A
heterogamous
6
Q
Pansexuality is going to be associated more with ___ and bisexual more with someone’s ____
A
gender,sex
7
Q
_____ = individuals who experience sexual attraction
romantic, greysexual, allosexual
A
allosexual
8
Q
______ refers to whether a person has characteristics and behaviors that are masculine or feminine;
________ refers to whether a person is male or female, chromosomally speaking.
a. Gender; Sex
b. Correlation; Causation
c. Sex; Gender
d. Diversity; Inclusion
A
a
9
Q
the majority of the LGBTQ community is ___
A
bisexual
10
Q
Give more space for gender expression to ___ in general and for ____ the general permissive range for expression in society overall tends to be ___ who show ___ masculinity and ___ femininity
A
females, males, males, high, low
11
Q
Among trans individuals, who experiences less harassment and less violence?
a. someone who transitioned from male to female
b. someone who transitioned from female to male
A
b
12
Q
Seo Dal-mi describes herself as greysexual biromantic. From this description, we can conclude that she
A. asexuals’ romantic attractions always matches their sexual attractions
B. romantically desires women & sexually desires men
C. romantically desires men & sexually desires women
D. romantically desires women & men & sexually desires neither
E. romantically desires neither & sexually desires women & men
A
D
13
Q
The highest rates of dissolution divorce tend to be found among same-sex ___ compared to heterosexuals
A
females
14
Q
For ___ no matter the sexual orientation, tend to have a pretty high rate of orgasm when having sex
A
males
15
Q
For women, the highest rate of having orgasm is found for ___
A
lesbians
16
Q
When looking at female subjects, ___ women subjects, their rates of variation of having sex leading to orgasm is greater than either that found for ____ or ___ women
A
bisexual, lesbians, striaght
17
Q
Which of the following couples would next experience the greatest frequency of orgasms besides women in same-sex relationships?
a. straight men with straight women
b bisexual man with gay man
c. bisexual women with non-binary folk.
A
a
18
Q
Which of the following statements about how LGB and heterosexual relationships differ in terms of sexuality and monogamy is accurate?
a. Gay male couples report lower sexual activity than do heterosexual couples.
b. Lesbians place less emphasis on monogamy than heterosexual men.
c. Bisexual women dating women report higher rates of orgasm than heterosexual women.
d. All of the above are accurate.
A
c
19
Q
Bisexual ____ with a girlfriend use a vibrator during sex more often than bisexual ___ with a boyfriend (Rosenberg et al., 2011) & bisexual ___ are more likely than straight women to use a vibrator during sex with men
A
men, men, women
20
Q
In couples where the woman has a ___ income than their partner she is faking organisms at a significantly higher rate
A
higher
21
Q
Research finds that bisexuals are ___ likely to report romantic attraction to ___ sexes than monosexuals were to report romantic attraction to one sex
A
less, both
22
Q
If grace is romantically attracted to women but is sexually attracted to males then she is?
a. heteroromantic
b. homoromantic
c. homoromantic heterosexual
A
c
23
Q
Which of the following statements about how LGB and heterosexual relationships differ is accurate?
a. Gay men are more likely to have biological offspring than lesbians
b. Bisexuals are most likely to date someone of a different sexual orientation
c. Asexual women report being more concerned about sexual infidelity than straight men
d. All of the above are accurate
A
b
24
Q
Which of the following is true about LGB parenthood?
a. children with same-sex parents enjoy a higher SES but have more siblings
b. 80% of lesbian and 37% of bisexual women will experience pregnancy in their lifetime
c. bisexual parents are more likely to have genetic offspring than LG parents
d. lesbian and bisexual women have the hardest path to becoming parents
A
c
25
____ are more likely to share custody following dissolution compared to heterosexuals
lesbians
26
___ seek divorce about 2.5x times as often as
wives, husbands
27
Based on psychological research, which of the following people does NOT have an increased likelihood of being gay or lesbian?
a. Bailey, whose identical twin sister is lesbian
b. Taylor, who has six older brothers
c. Haley Dunphy, who has three gay cousins on her mother’s side of the family
d. Lilly, who was adopted by a married gay couple
d
28
T or F: genetics only affect sexual orientation
F: genetics and environmental traits
29
T or F: Female fetuses exposed to higher levels of ___ in the prenatal environment tend to be more tomboyish, assertive, & prefer more aggressive activities over playing with dolls -more likely to be lesbian or bisexual
testosterone or androgen, T
30
Males who have older brothers are ____ to be gay as adults
more likely
31
If a person who is lesbian, bisexual, or gay has genetic offspring, their child is ___ likely to be nonheterosexual than children born to heterosexuals
more
32
T or F: MOST offspring of LGB individuals will be heterosexual, but the reproductive offspring of LGB individuals are disproportionately more likely to be nonheterosexual just like their parents
T
33
For gay men, they are more likely to have ___ who are heterosexual than ____. For lesbians have heterosexual ____ than ___
sons, daughters, daughters, sons
34
_____ are the least likely to breastfeed whereas there are “ no differences in breastfeeding between ___ women and heterosexual women”
lesbians, bisexual
35
Which of the following statements about LGBTQIA+ and heterosexual relationships is inaccurate?
a. Straight men desire IQ in a one-night stand more than straight women.
b. Butch lesbians & straight men value attractiveness in a lover more than femmes & straight women.
c. Asexuals have fewer sexual partners over time than allosexuals.
d. None of the above is inaccurate.
a
36
Women whose ultrasound reveals a ____ are less likely to be married when she gives birth (Dahl & Moretti, 2008) whereas ultrasounds that reveal a ___ lead unwed couples to get married faster
daughter, son
37
T or F: Bisexual-heterosexual, InterSexuality couples are more successful than LG-heterosexual couples
T
38
____, regardless of sexuality, are more open to dating bisexuals than ___, regardless of sexuality. ___ have a sexuality preference for ___ over bisexual women for a myriad of reasons
men, women, lesbians, lesbians
39
The theory of parental investment (Robert Trivers, 1972) posits women have a higher minimum obligatory investment in offspring than men. Which of the following is NOT consistent with this theory?
a. Eggs are costlier than sperm, so women are naturally more investing.
b. Lesbians will be less selective than straight men in selecting a mate.
c. The more investing sex will be more selective in selecting a mate.
d. Gay men will have more sexual partners than straight or bisexual women.
B
40
Which of the following statements about LGBTQIA+ and heterosexual relationships is accurate?
a. Bisexual men desire IQ in a one-night stand more than straight women.
b. Butch lesbians & straight men value attractiveness in a lover more than femme lesbians & straight women.
c. Gay male couples are less open to large age differences than mixed-orientation couples.
d. All of the above are accurate.
B
41
Negative attitudes about bisexuals, ____ in particular, were more prevalent than negative attitudes about lesbians or gay men.
men
42
Most ____ are in monogamous relationships, though polyamorous daters are _____ to be bisexual than monosexual
bisexuals, more likely
43
___ males are more likely to have open relationships and ___ are the least likely
gay, lesbians
44
Non-monogamy was not a predictor of relationship dissolution for ____ in same-sex relationships, consistent with other research on gay ____
men
45
__: individuals who pursue body changes from cis M/F
or a person who undergoes surgery and hormone treatments to physically transform his or her body into the opposite sex
transexual
46
__: reject the idea that gender is binary
genderqueer
47
Of the four students described below, which one would you categorize as genderqueer?
a. Jules, whose sex-assigned-at-birth was male and identifies as female
b. Rue, whose sex-assigned-at-birth was female and identifies as female
c. Minami, whose sex-assigned-at-birth was male and identifies as androgynous
d. Riley, whose sex-assigned-at-birth was female and identifies as neither male nor female
D
48
Manhood is built along the lines of agency and an anti-feminity mandate which discourages men from being involved in activities that are ____ and ____ such as childcare and domestic work
feminine, communal
49
transgender children’s motivation to self-socialize is likely occurring and the focus is on learning about characteristics of ___ rather than learning about characteristics of ____ assigned to them at birth
the other gender, gender
50
Among 31 of the trans respondents, the average age claimed for a first awareness of being raised inappropriately and having the desire to be, or of being, of the “other” gender was ___ years or less for 19 (61.3% ), with nine (29.0%) claiming it was before the age of ___.
10,5
51
Which of the following is true regarding sex differences in characteristics preferred in a mate?
a. Men emphasize older age in a mate more than women.
b. Females are more likely than males to prefer someone taller.
c. Males are more likely than females to prefer someone wealthier.
d. Women emphasize physical attractiveness in a mate more than men.
b
52
When __ reached puberty, they left their natal groups to marry into neighboring groups to avoid inbreeding, while ___ stayed in their natal groups their entire lives
girls, boys
53
A ___ is the payment the woman’s family must make for the groom’s family to agree to take over the burden of caring for her after marriage
dowry
54
dowry systems tend to be associated with ____, additional wives could only bargain for substantially smaller dowry payments
monogamy
55
A high sex ratio is when there is more __ than ___. when the sex ratio is equal is ___. If there are more males than females it might be ___ to 100 and if there is a low sex ratio is ___ males per ___ females
men, women, 100, 105, 90, 100
56
____ sex ratio means a higher rate of crime bc there are more males who cannot find a female partner and one of the outcomes is to engage in more crime
higher
57
Imagine it's the year 2050 & a portion of straight men have fallen in love with an Artificial Intelligence (AI) companion named Xiaoxin Genie. [Assume the default voice is female] These men are no longer seeking relationships with human women.
This would reflect which of the following mating marketplace outcomes?
A. An increase in the sex ratio
B. A decrease in the sex ratio
C. No change in the sex ratio
D. Xiaoxin Genie will smash the patriarchy
B
58
Next, the Church ushered in egalitarian changes to property ___ & ____ laws, two of the most important components of patriarchal sexism in patrilineal societies.
rights, inheritance
59
Ending arranged marriage led to the decline of patriarchal male clans which lead to ____, the nuclearization of the _____ …and ultimately this thing we now call ___
corporations, family, capitalism
60
Older age of marriage means higher _____ (males have to try harder than in arranged marriages; women have more time to hone their skills prior to marriage; women have ___ kids when they get married later, which means more time), which Foreman
literacy rates, less
61
____ selection pressures for gendered behaviors, competition for mate, preferences/choices for quality mate
nature
62
_____ experience influences sense of gender, gender schema(mental framework), divison of labor
nurture
63
When the pressures of natural selection and survival are at odds with those of sexual selection and reproduction, Darwin determined that evolution will favor
a. a wait-and-see strategy.
b. reproduction for some, survival for others.
c. reproduction over survival.
d. survival over reproduction
c
64
Males are far more likely to prioritize ____ while females ____ bc they care more about emotional, affectionate bonds, lots of disclosure
dyadic, hierarchies
hierarchies, dyadic
65
For men their partner who is fertile and might bear their children, if she commits sexual infidelity that severe concern for him because of the risk of ________
paternal uncertainty
66
Usually, in heterosexual courtship, males are the ones who ask someone out meaning they are ____, and also are more likely to be shocked by divorce meaning they are the ____
first in, last out
67
The primary evolutionary asset women have desired from men(money/stability) ___ with age
increases
68
The primary evolutionary asset men have desired from women(attraction and fertility) ____ with age
decreases
69
T or F: Females as evolutionary theory tends to predict, that may be more open to short-term mating relative to males
F: Males more open to short-term mating
70
____ sexual debut tends to be earlier than lesbians, gay and heterosexuals
bisexual
71
The average number of sexual partners for ___ is greater than ___ and ___ women, when they have no female there to influence like the rate of having sexual partners
gay men, bi, lesbian
72
Ahn Eun-Youngg meets up with 4 of her friends at Up2You.
Ahn Eun-Youngg says: "Their wall has really nice designs on it."
Who is more likely to have the following thought:
"She said the restaurant's wall has nice designs & I'm inside the restaurant... that must mean she desires me because I'm one of the nice guys."
A. Steve, her gay friend
B. Karen, her straight female friend
C. Zipei, her lesbian friend
D. Chad, her straight male friend
E. Boba, her boba friend
d
73
Evolution prefers a false ___ for males so as not to miss a reproductive opportunity
Evolution prefers a false ___ for females so as not to waste one of her limited reproductive opportunities on a low-quality mate
positive, negative
74
Cross-cultural research indicates that men care more about physical attractiveness than women in virtually all cultures, though women in Bulgaria care more about attractiveness than men in Indonesia.
Putting these two patterns together reflects
A. Cultural/Socialization difference in partner preferences
B. Evolutionary influence on partner preferences
C. Hormonal influence on partner preferences
D. A nature-nurture interaction
D
75
Buss (1989) found that men & women in China equally valued virginity in a partner, whereas those in Sweden equally devalued having a partner who was a virgin.
This difference is an example of a
A. Cultural/Socialization difference in partner preferences
B. Evolutionary influence on partner preferences
C. Hormonal influence on partner preferences
D. A nature-nurture interaction
a
76
In the study of Human Mating Strategies, the ___ part of the interaction is the difference between males and females and the desire for a partner. The ___ part is the difference between the countries themselves
nature, nurture
77
Evolutionary psychology predicts that women (relative to men) ought to be ________ selective in their choice of mates because their levels of parental investment (relative to men’s) are ________.
a. less; high
b. less; low
c. more; high
d. more; low
c
78
Lesbians are more likely to lose their virginity to a ___ than ___ women. While gay men are more likely to lose their virginity to a ___ than ___ men are
female, bisexual, male, bisexual
79
__ care more about intelligence in a partner at every step in the relationship than __ until they get to dating someone long-term
females, males
80
When it comes to women,____ values IQ in a partner more than ___
lesbians, straight women
81
About 60.16% of married same-sex couples have a bachelor's degree or higher compared to just 55% of married opposite-sex couples, indicating greater _____ among same-sex dyads
homogamy
82
T or F: Men are more likely to respond to women who they feel are NOT going to have higher educational attainment than they are
T
83
Across the United States and most European countries, the prevalence of educational ____ (women ‘partnering down’) now exceeds that of education ____ (men ‘partnering down’)
hypergamy and hypogamy
hypogamy, hypergamy
84
Faced with fewer opportunities to homogamously match, well- educated women increasingly opt for ___ educated partners.
less
85
women & men have ____ preferences for attractiveness & ____ preferences for education
similar, opposing
86
for males, they are somewhat more open to being the ___ height
same
87
Whenever a female has a bf, the bf is ____ no matter if she is straight or bisexual
If the bisexual woman has a girlfriend, the height difference is ___
taller, lower
88
Female take pictures ____ men take pictures ____
above them, below them
89
___ and ___ are the two preferences that are otherwise unchangeable
age, height
90
_____couples are more likely to have an age gap of 10+ years compared to ____ & _____ couple
gay male, lesbian, heterosexual
91
T or F: heterosexual lovers are more willing to accept large age differences
F: Lesbian,gay
92
_____ have a lower age gap than ___men but are more accepting of a large age gap compared to heterosexual couples
lesbians, gays,
93
Even though lesbians have significantly less value on physical attractiveness in a partner than straight men and straight women do, ____ lesbians tend to seek out fem lesbians who seem to be ____ attractive physically. ___ lesbians tend to seek out ___ lesbians who seem to be more well-off financially
butch, more, fem,butch
94
Across cultures, you would see women having a higher preference for a partner who has a high earning prospect, a high status which is ___ effect and across cultures, there is a difference between Yugoslavia, and japan which is ____ effect
nature, nurture
95
T or F: women are more likely to date unattractive men who happen to be wealthy than men are to date unattractive women who happen to be wealthy.
T
96
____ men value financial status in a partner more than ____men
gay,straight
97
T or F: All men value attractiveness more than financial status in a partner
F: gay men value financial status in a partner more than straight men
98
Which of the following is the natural interaction and the nurture interaction?
variation across countries
females care more about wealth in a partner than men on average
nature: females care more about wealth in a partner than men on average
Nurture: varies across countries
99
For _____, _____, and _____there is a large sex difference still in the 2020 context
age, money, attraction
100
From the evolutionary perspective, differences in partner preferences should show minimal variation across_____
cultures
101
From a sociocultural perspective, differences in socialization pressures across nations should be seen in the magnitude of _____ in partner preferences
sex differences
102
What would have to happen to create a more fully egalitarian world?
a. Straight women would have to be provided with greater opportunities in higher education & the workplace.
b. Straight men would have to become more involved in childcare, household chores, & communal tasks.
c. Parents would have to focus more on teaching their sons to be manly & daughters to be ladylike.
d. Women would have to take full-time rather than part-time jobs.
b
103
Women's "second shift" is defined as
a. working outside the home an extra 5 to 8 hours
b. watching other people's children so that both parents can be employed
c. taking on another shift of work inside the home after a day of paid employment
d. equally sharing household chores with husbands
c
104
T or F: female breadwinners engage in more housework bc they want to make up for making more money
T
105
most new vocations have focused on social ____ skills and fewer have focused on ____ brawn skills
brain, mechanical
106
Over the past few decades...
a. Women have increasingly entered STEM majors & careers whereas men haven't entered HEED majors & careers
b. Men have increasingly entered HEED majors & careers whereas women haven't entered STEM majors & careers
c. Women & men have entered HEED & STEM majors/careers at equally high rates
d. Men have become more communal than women & women have become more agentic than men
a
107
Among bisexuals, there was ______ in agency, and the gender gap in communion indicated that bisexual women are more communal than bisexual men, though the bisexual communal gap is smaller than the communal gap for either monosexual group
no gender gap
108
_____ couples adhere to a more egalitarian ethic in their relationships than another couple types
lesbian
109
No one invests more in childcare than ____ do
No one invests less time in childcare than ___ do
gay men, straight men
110
Research suggests that parents are more likely to talk about emotions with girls than with boys, which may cultivate greater emotional intelligence in women.
This supports the ________ theory that women are ________ more emotionally expressive.
a. cultural; naturally
b. cultural; socialized to be
c. evolutionary; socialized to be
d. evolutionary; naturally
b
111
One explanation for gender differences in aggression is that throughout history, men were more likely to be hunters and protectors and had to be physically aggressive.
This supports the ________ theory that men are ________ more physically aggressive.
a. cultural; naturally
b. cultural; socialized to be
c. evolutionary; socialized to be
d. evolutionary; naturally
d
112
_____: we have sex over the course of time with our partners because women do not want to miss the window of when pregnancy is possible
So we have sex on a more regular basis bc we lack signs of sexual interest
extended sexuality
113
Women's body odors are ___ attractive to men during ovulation and are associated with an increasing men's testosterone
more
114
When women are on birth control and are ovulating, women's sexual motivation tends to increase during ovulation and thus we do see an increase in sexual intercourse for ____ couples but not _____ couples
a. bisexual, heterosexual
b. lesbian, heterosexial
c. bisexual, lesbian
b
115
Which of the following represents an area of difference between heterosexual and lesbian relationships during the ovulatory (high fertility) phase?
a. decreased frequency of sex among lesbians
b. decreased frequency of sex among heterosexuals
c. increased frequency of sex among heterosexuals
d. increased frequency of sex among lesbians
c
116
When women are ovulating, how do they perceive their partner in father/spouse attributes?
a. women tend to assume, magic mike is going to be a more loyal, supportive father figure for the child
b. perception of a nice guy does not change
c. all of the above
c
117
The ______ states that when a woman is ovulating and she is with a nice guy, she is desiring someone who might be more attractive, and she might have an affair with the better-looking guy
a.comparison level hypothesis
b.alternative level hypothesis
c. sexy son hypothesis
c. sexy son hypothesis
118
Increase in attraction to alternative males at ovulation occurs only for women with ____ boyfriends
unattractive
119
Women who are already with attractive men show a ___ interest in other attractive males
decreased
120
Self-perceived desirability: how desirable someone feels tends to ___ during ovulation
increase
121
Who should a woman want to associate with the least during ovulation?
a. mother
b.father
c. boyfriend
b
122
Women called their dads ___ on more fertile days of the cycle and when their dads called them they hung up ___
less, faster
123
Women's voices take on a higher pitch during ovulation which is regarded as more attractive, and more feminine by
a. only men
b. both men and women
c. only women
b
124
If there are going to be really attractive males at the event, it does not matter where they are in their cycle, they are going to _____
a. not care
b. dress up sexier
c. not show up
b
125
If there are going to be average males at the event, it does not matter where they are in their cycle, they are going to _____
a. not care
b. dress up sexier
c. not show up
a
126
If there are other females at the event, and they are in high fertility, they are likely to ____ with these other females if they are attractive men at the event
a. bond
b. talk
c. compete
c
127
Four waitresses work at a local diner. Who is likeliest to get the greatest tips from male customers?
A. Jasmine, who is considered attractive, has dyed blonde hair, & is taking hormonal contraception.
B. Pelody, who is considered attractive, has naturally blonde hair, & is naturally cycling.
C. Ursula, who hates mermaids & is considered very unattractive, has naturally blonde hair, and is naturally cycling.
D. Hua Mulan 花木蘭, who is considered attractive, has naturally brunette hair, & is taking hormonal contraception.
E. They will all receive equal tips because it's the inside that counts 🥲
b
128
T or F: All studies with women ovulating still stand true even if she is on birth control
F- cancels out when someone is on birth control
129
___ is intentional behavior that creates an impression in the recipient that the deceiver knows is false
deception
130
T or F: When we tell lies about serious matters, we tell them more often to our lovers than to anyone else
T
131
_____: coming to perceive the recipients of their lies as less honest and trustworthy than they really are (e.g., someone who cheats is ironically more likely to think their lover has also cheated on them)
decievers distrust
132
____ is what arises in intimate relationships where individuals assume that their partners are usually telling the truth
truth bias
133
As relationships become more intimate and trust ____ the partners’ accuracy in detecting deception in each other _____
increases, declines
134
_____, the “ silent treatment,” occurs when others intentionally ignore us.
ostracism
135
It hurts to be ignored, and people with _____ are relatively _____ to put up with it. When they encounter a cold shoulder, they are ____ than those with______ to end the relationship and seek a new bae.
high self-esteem, unlikely, more likely, low self-esteem
136
Why do betrayal and ostracism result in hurt feelings?
a) because of deceiver's distrust
b) because they demonstrate relational devaluation
c) because people tend to feel wounded, despondent, or angry
d) because common sense says so
b
137
When they first met, Jon really seemed to like Luke and enjoy his company. Jon now seems to avoid Luke.
Luke heard through his bruhs Mark, Matthew, & Judas that Jon doesn’t like him much anymore. Luke has experienced
A. maximal inclusion
B. relational value
C. the dark side
D. relational devaluation
d
138
Although Saanvi hasn’t done anything unfaithful, Saanvi's boyfriend Chad accuses her of seeing her ex-boyfriend behind his back. Chad is showing
A. reactive jealousy
B. reactionary jealousy
C. suspicious jealousy
D. superlative jealousy
c
139
Jasmine caught her bf cheating with another girl and has confronted him about it suspecting he has other side chicks as well. Jasmine is showing
A. reactive jealousy
B. reactionary jealousy
C. suspicious jealousy
D. superlative jealousy
a
140
Rivals who make us look bad by _____ or by being ____ to our partners are particularly worrisome.
achieving things we wish we had, more attractive
141
To cope with their feelings of jealousy, anxiously attached lovers sometimes try to induce jealousy in their partners. The primary danger in this strategy is that
A. it can create anger in the partner that may erupt into acting aggressively toward the rival.
B. it may drive the partner away.
C. the lover may become more attracted to the new interest than to their original partner.
D. none of these; this strategy always works. Everyone knows this.
b
142
People with ___ attachment style are more prone to jealousy, whereas ___people tend to ignore the issue and pretend they do not care
anxious, avoidant
143
T or F: macho men and feminine women experience more jealousy than androgynous people do
T
144
____react to a rival’s interference by seeking to improve the relationship whereas ___ strive to protect their egos.
women, men
145
___ is usually corrosive as it correlates strongly with ___ & is one of the most often cited motives for intimate partner violence committed by both women and men.
Jealousy, anger
146
Based on ____ based theory, men should be especially vigilant toward and threatened by ____ infidelity. For women, the greater risk may be that a mate will withdraw his protective resources and transfer them to another mate. Thus, women should be especially threatened by ____ infidelity
evolutionary, sexual, emotional
147
Couples are more likely to survive when ___ commit infidelity & less likely to survive when ____ commit infidelity.
men, women
148
__ were more likely to forgive ____ with 59% saying they were more likely to forgive their partner than their partner is to forgive them, compared to 51% of ___
men, women, women
149
if a woman has more education than her partner, she is ____likely to have a sexual relationship outside of her primary relationship; if the husband has more education, she is ____ likely to engage in infidelity
more, less
150
T or F: Men commit infidelity more than women, though the difference has lessened over time
t
151
Men with ______ attachment styles are particularly prone to engage in infidelity
avoidant
152
__ are far less likely to perceive situations/interactions that do not include physical contact to be infidelity compared to ___.
men, women
153
_____ a sense that one’s lover has become more dedicated to someone other than themselves
emotional infidelity
154
T or F: Women were more likely to breakup following infidelity than men
T
155
__ is one of the most commonly reported causes of divorce and one of the most difficult issues for couple therapists to treat
infidelity
156
Married ___ are more likely to report cheating on their spouse multiple times & are about 25% more likely to report having one-night stands than ___
men, women
157
Which of the following statements about infidelity is true?
a) men and women are equally distressed when it comes to sexual infidelity
b) sexual infidelity involves confiding in a relevant rival more than one's romantic partner
c) women tend to be more upset about emotional infidelity while men tend to be more upset about sexual infidelity
d) both men and women frequently engage in emotional infidelity
c
158
T or F: men are more likely to stay in a relationship because of financial reasons compared to women. while women would more likely stay in a relationship because they do not want to put their children through a divorce
F, women, men
159
T or F: Men find it more difficult to forgive their partner if their partner committed sexual infidelity
T
160
__ are disagreeable, hurtful actions by people we trusted and from whom we reasonably did not expect such misbehavior.
betrayal
161
Men and women do not differ in their tendencies to betray others…
…but _____ people betray others more than other folks do.
white
162
People who commit betrayal tend to be ____ in neuroticism, ___ in agreeableness, and ___ happy with life than are those who are less vengeful and more prone to forgiveness.
high,low, less
163
Which of the following is most likely to be related to growth and prosperity in a relationship?
A. a great deal of conflict, no matter how it is handled
B. very little conflict
C. conflict when large issues are brought to the surface, but not when small issues are brought to the surface
D. conflict, handled skillfully
D
164
_____ report 2.3 conflicts per week and ____ experience 1-2 unpleasant disagreements each month.
dating couples, spouses
165
The amount of conflict people encounter is linked to
a. similarity
b. alcohol
c. stage of life
d.personality
e. response to negative comments
f. attachment style
a, b, c, d, f
166
__ over ___ attachment style makes conflict more threatening and more frequent
anxiety, abandonment
167
The most common conflicts individuals have in a relationship are:
a. intimacy
b. children
c. money
d. chores
e. friends
f. communication
children, chores, communication
168
For lesbians, having children tend to ___ the risk of divorce for gay male couples sometimes there is ____ or ___ in the risk of dissolution
reduce, no effect, increase
169
There are two types of relationship beliefs, one of them being _____ beliefs: assume that two people are either well-suited for each other and destined to live happily ever after or they are not
destiny
170
There are two types of relationship beliefs, one of them being _____ beliefs: assume that good relationships are a result of hard work
growth
171
When a conflict occurs people who hold ___ beliefs respond more constructively, remaining more optimistic about the future and more committed to the relationship
growth
172
According to the love lab findings, unhappy couples are more likely to engage in negative reciprocity which is when each individual feels a sense of ____ by engaging with their partner in a ____
reinforcement, a less constructive way
173
According to the love lab findings, happy couples follow their partner's negatives with ___ behaviors. This is a skill, breaking the cycle of negative reciprocity
neutral
174
If we take a look at the degree to which the wife is compliant over three years of marriage, there is a significant ____ in the wife’s satisfaction with marriage
decrease
175
If its the case that over the course of the three years, the husband was more compliant than the wife, then that predicts ____ in her overall satisfaction and ___ in his satisfaction as well
no change, no change
176
Found that over time (3 years since being newlyweds), when the ____ expressed more anger in year 1, & the ___ was compliant with the ___, they had a happier life by year 3.
wife, husband, wife
177
Those that show more ____ and ___ for their partner tend to show ____ of a reduction in satisfaction over the course of the marriage
humor, care, less
178
______ =humor, affection and interest in the other person
high postive affect
179
Couples that argue often but they lack in ______ have the worst outcomes over four years
high positive emotion
180
behavior that seems unjustly critical, being perceived as demeaning or derogatory; making global accusations
stonewalling, criticism, defensiveness, contempt
criticism
181
_____ are comments such as why can’t you ever remember anything? which fail to acknowledge efforts in the first place, demotivating partners to continue trying
extreme anchors or kitchen sinking
extreme anchors
182
__ occurs when one specific area of conflict magically becomes representative of all your issues
extreme anchors or kitchen sinking
kitchen sinking
183
“Of course, you forgot to put gas in the car, just like you forgot to put the toilet seat down because you were flirting with my sister & watching your boring golf just like last Christmas when you disrespected my mom.” is an example of
extreme anchors or kitchen sinking
kitchen sinking
184
____ looks like a question but it’s meant to be disrespectful or passive Aggressive
hostile question
185
How dumb would you have to be to do that?” is an example of
a. hostile question
b.extreme anchor
c. kitchen sinking
a
186
__ Taking things personally when it’s unnecessary
stonewalling, criticism, defensiveness, contempt
defensiveness
187
“If you paid attention you’d realize the problem isn’t me–it’s you.” is an example of
stonewalling, criticism, defensiveness, contempt
defensiveness
188
Which of the following four horsemen behaviors is the strongest predictor of divorce?
stonewalling, criticism, defensiveness, contempt
contempt
189
____ pattern part of stonewalling is one partner (frequently the wife) seeks a change & wants to discuss the topic, one partner (frequently the husband) is unreceptive, denies the problem, & avoids the topic
demand/withdraw
190
Which of the following four horsemen behaviors is the only gendered pattern?
stonewalling, criticism, defensiveness, contempt
stonewalling
191
For couples that are very unhappy, usually, the ____ is making on-demand and ___ is basically withdrawing
wife, husband
192
If couples have far more ___ withdrawal they are the ones who are going to be more dissatisfied and more likely to end up dissolving
wife
193
Husbands withdraw far more often when ___ centric topic is what they want to change and vice versa
wife’s
194
T or F: miscommunication is one of the horsemen and one of the key breakups partners
F: is not one of the horsemen but one of the key breakups for partners
195
The breakup pattern in which individuals stop putting effort into the relationship & hope that as it gradually erodes their bae breaks up with them instead or their bae says/does something out of frustration so the breakup can be blamed on them. This is referred to as
A. direct interference
B. preserving indirectness
C. continual discontent
D. demand-withdraw
b
196
Which of the following is the most likely post-dissolution relationship?
a. a couple becomes more committed after the breakup and ultimately become friends.
b. ex-lovers make a clean break
c. ex-lovers go through ups and downs
d. couples' commitment fades entirely and they do no remain friends
d
197
When Hong Du-sik & Gabriel argue, they dive into their problems and talk about them at length, but their fights are sprinkled with remarks such as "I see your point" and "That must have been hard for you".
Du-sik & Gabriel are best classified as what kind of couple?
A. avoiders
B. hostiles
C. validators
D. volatiles
c
198
There are four types of couples, one of them being ____ couples which have frequent and passionate arguments but they temper their fights with a fondness for each other
a. avoiders
b. hostiles
c. validators
d.volatile
d
199
__ and ____ might work well
a. avoiders
b. hostiles
c. validators
d.volatile
d,c
200
There are four types of couples, one of them being ____ couples which rarely argue, duck confrontation, and often just try to fix problems on their own. Agree to disagree; no persuasion
a. avoiders
b. hostiles
c. validators
d.volatile
a
201
There are four types of couples, one of them being ____ couples fight with criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and withdrawal, and their marriages are more fragile than those of the other three groups.
a. avoiders
b. hostiles
c. validators
d.volatile
b
202
T or F: Avoiders should date a volatile or validator
F should date neither
203
Those with ____ SES at 10 years have reached the divorce risk of them being disrupted when couples of ____ SES reached year 4
higher, low
204
The Northtons had a solid marriage, until one day Drake Northton's mother-in-law moved in with them. Drake feels like this isn’t what he signed up for so he’s out. Their experience goes along with the
A. Enduring Dynamics Model
B. Emergent Distress Model
C. Disillusionment Mode
B
205
There are three predictors of divorce that resulted from the pair project. one of them being
_____ which is when spouses may bring to their marriages problems that surfaced during courtship. These frustrations are usually recognized by the partners before they marry so marriages that are headed for divorce are weaker than others from the very beginning
a. emergent distress
b. enduring dynamics
c. disillusionment
b
206
There are three predictors of divorce that resulted from the pair project. one of them being
_____: Couples typically begin their marriages with rosy, romanticized views of their relationship that are unrealistically positive. Romance fades and disappointment gradually sets in as people realize that their spouses and their partnership are less wonderful than they originally seemed.
a. emergent distress
b. enduring dynamics
c. disillusionment
c
207
Which of the models was the best predictor for couple divorce?
a. emergent distress
b. enduring dynamics
c. disillusionment
c
208
Adam and Steve are careful to pay each other back for anything they borrow quickly. If Adam needs help and Steve says he cannot he doesn’t feel guilty for his refusal.
Adam & Steve have a(n)
A. communal relationship
B. unrealistic relationship
C. exchange relationship
D. balanced relationship
c
209
Eve & Lillith experience a boost in mood after helping each other & don't care to monitor or keep track of each others exact contributions to their relationship.
Eve & Lillith have a(n)
A. communal relationship
B. unrealistic relationship
C. exchange relationship
D. balanced relationship
a
210
Which of the following couples is in the companionate love phase?
a. Shawn is expecting Jennifer to Zoom him for their 1st date so he takes a shower to smell good while on camera
b. Brandon lectures his parents for 2 hours not to embarrass him when he brings Timothy to meet them
c. Amanda doesn’t check her phone the entire time she’s on a date with Jessica. Not even Facebook 💘
d. For their anniversary, Rachel & Henry cook each other's favorite meal & then help their kiddos with homework
d
211
T or F: When asking people about perceptions of the causes of divorce many did consider broader influences such as income, and education
F- they did not consider broader influences
212
People who are high in ______ attachment style are more likely to divorce than ___ and ___ styles
avoidance, secure, anxious
213
There are five ways conflict can end. one of them being ___ which occurs when one or both partners withdraw without resolving the conflict
a. separation
b. integrative agreements
c. compromised
d.structural improvement
a
214
Beyonce and Taylor have been married 3 years. They used to get along fine, but now when conflicts arise they tend to end with bad blood. Their most recent disagreement was particularly heated and ended with Beyonce saying she wasn't going to cook lemonade for Taylor that evening. They went into different rooms & slammed the door & now their kitchen is just a blank space.
The outcome of their conflicts could be best described as...
A. compromise.
B. integrative agreement.
C. separation
d. .......look what you made me do. The end.
c
215
There are five ways conflict can end. one of them being ___ which occurs when both parties reduce their aspirations so that a mutually acceptable alternative can be reached
a. separation
b. integrative agreements
c. compromise
d.structural improvement
c
216
There are five ways conflict can end. one of them being ___ which satisfy both partners’ original goals and aspirations, usually through inventiveness, creativity and flexibility.
a. separation
b. integrative agreements
c. compromise
d.structural improvement
b
217
Piper & Magic Mike was trying to determine who should do the dishes. Since Piper's psoriasis causes rashes whenever dish soap gets on her skin, they reasoned that Mike should be the one to do the dishes. They have achieved a(n)
A. compromise.
B. integrative agreement.
C. presumptive attribution.
D. separation.
b
218
There are five ways conflict can end. one of them being ___ which occurs when the partners not only get what they want, they make desirable changes to their relationships
a. separation
b. integrative agreements
c. compromise
d.structural improvement
d
219
____ is when partners idealize one another, judge each other's faults to be relatively trivial, and see their lover's misbehavior to be an unintentional or temporary aberration
positive illusions
220
Lilia is with her really attractive boyfriend and is very committed to him. There are magic mikes around her but she stays focused on her man. what maintenance strategy is she exhibiting?
a. positive illusion
b. derogation of tempting alternatives
c. willingness to sacrifice
b
221
Watching a boring show that your partner loves or playing old-gen videogames with them because they still love Mario Kart 64 for some inexplicable reason is
A. fatally boring attraction.
B. a relationship maintenance strategy.
C. positive illusions.
D. a form of derogation of alternatives.
b
222
There are three different behavioral maintenance mechanisms that can help a couple maintain and repair their relationships. One of them: ______ which is when committed partners offer forgiveness after a betrayal more readily than less committed partners do.
forgiveness
