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Echo > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ and ____ TV leaflets are visualized in the LAX RVIT.

A

Anterior/pisterior

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2
Q

In order to locate the LAX RVIT, angle the TDR more lateral and superior from the LAX LV. T or F?

A

F

It shihld be medial/inferior

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3
Q

Acquire the peak TRV from all available views, then calculate the RV diastolic pressure (RVDP). T or F?

A

F

Systolic pressure not diastolic

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4
Q 
Acquire the peak TR V and calculate the \_\_\_\_.
A. Diastolic plumonary artery pressure
B. Pulmonary vein pressure
C. Systolic plumonary artery pressure
D. Tricuspid pressure half time
A

C

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5
Q

While estimating the RVSP (right ventricular systolic pressure) from the peak TRV, the IVC diameter and respiratory collapse are used to estimate the____.
A. Left atrial pressure
B. LVEDP
C. Right atrial pressure
D. Write a ventricular diastolic pressure

A

C

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6
Q 
The pulmonic “a” wave normally eaquals to\_\_\_\_
A. 2.7mm
B. 27mm
C. .27cm
D. 2.7cm
A

A

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7
Q 
The 4C allows us to visualize the \_\_\_\_ wall and \_\_\_\_wall.
A. Anterolateral and inferolateral
B. Anteroseptal and inferoseptal
C. Inferios and anterior
D. Inferilateral and anteroseptal
A

A

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8
Q

What is TAPSE?

A

Tricyspid annular plane systolic excursion

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9
Q

TAPSE is_____.

A

A simple but good estimate of RV global function

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10
Q

TAPSE <17mm indicates decreased RV function. T or F?

A

T

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11
Q

RV dilatation is reported if the basal diameter is < 41mm and the mid dianeter is < 35mm. T or F?

A

F

> 41mm

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12
Q

Cardiac index equations

A

CO/BSA

Note: BSA (body surface area)

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13
Q

BSA equation

A

BSA = weight in lbs x height in inch x 3131 x 1/2

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14
Q

SV equation

A

SV = EDV - ESV

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15
Q

What is “Interval-Strength Relationship”?

A

The longer the interval btw heartbeats, the stronger the contraction required to eject the blood

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16
Q

What is Frank-Sterling Law?

A

The more blood that enters the ventricle during diastole, the greater the force of contraction required to eject the blood

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17
Q

Excessive wall motion

A

Hyperkinetic

18
Q

Inspiration/squatting ______ venous return & SV, CO

Expiration/standing ______ venous return & SV, CO

A

Increase

Decrease

*lower thoracic pressure = more blood to heart

19
Q

Decreased wall motion

A

Hypokinetic

20
Q

No movement/thickening of the myocardium

A

Akinetic

21
Q

Ischemic segment that is akinetic/not MI

A

Hibernation

22
Q

Movement away from the center of the activity/may indicate MI

A

Dyskinetic

23
Q

3 factors that may impact cardiac afterload

A

AS/PS
HTN
PH

24
Q

What is afterload?

A

The resistance that the heart must pump against

25
Q

Definition of HR

A

Numbers of heart beats per minute

26
Q

The greater the amount of blood entering the chamber, the greater the contraction required to expel the blood

A

Frank-Sterling law

27
Q

CO equation

A

SV x HR

28
Q

Describe diastolic function

A

Ventricles’ ability to relax and fill

29
Q

3DE is an excellent modality to evaluate cardiac chambers, assess valve function, and monitor intraoperative procedures.

T or F?

A

T

30
Q

3 things that may impact 3DE by causing artifacts are:

A

Respiration

ECG gating *arrhythmias create the biggest challenge

Incorrect gain setting

31
Q

CO is dependent on SV & HR and the normal range is ____ L

A

4-8

32
Q

________ is a technique used to process signals so that directionally or spatially selected signals can be sent or received from sensor arrays.

A

Beamforming

33
Q

Much published data, reproducible, high temporal resolution is considered an advantage of M-mode.

T or F?

A

T

34
Q

What is normal male range of EF?

A

52-72%

35
Q

List the wall segments that are seen in the PSAX view (6)

A

Anterior
Anteroseptal
Anterolateral

Inferior
Inferoseptal
Inferolateral

36
Q

What is normal female range for EF?

A

54-74%

37
Q

When demonstrating flow across the AoV in A5C, flow moving systematically will appear _____ the baseline with CW and _____ with color Doppler.

A

Below

Blue

38
Q

List at least 4 major technical areas that are control on your ultrasound system that should be adjusted as you begin your echocardiogram.

A

Preset
ECG signal
Frequency
Gain Harmonic

39
Q

Your patient has a history of emphysema. What might you encounter as you perform their echocardiogram?

A

Patients with a history of emphysema often demonstrate hyper inflated lungs that may cause difficult Parasternal window views. Subcostal windows are typically the best window in patients with emphysema

40
Q

List 4 items that are part of info imputed into the US system as you begin your echocardiogram.

A

Patient’s

Name
ID
DOB
BP
Height/weight
Indication of exam
41
Q

Limitation of M mode (4)

A

One dimensional
Frequently off axis beam alignment
Assumes fixed LV geometry
Apply to only normal LV geometry

42
Q

Spectral Doppler is a variation of Doppler that converts recorded flow frequencies into different colors allowing us to examine the direction and velocity of blood flow through the chambers and valves.

T or F ?

A

F

Color Doppler

Echo (35 decks)

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