Midterm

Question 1

The ____ and ____ TV leaflets are visualized in the LAX RVIT.

Answer 1

Anterior/pisterior

Question 2

In order to locate the LAX RVIT, angle the TDR more lateral and superior from the LAX LV. T or F?

Answer 2

F

It shihld be medial/inferior

Question 3

Acquire the peak TRV from all available views, then calculate the RV diastolic pressure (RVDP). T or F?

Answer 3

F

Systolic pressure not diastolic

Question 4

Acquire the peak TR V and calculate the \_\_\_\_.
A. Diastolic plumonary artery pressure
B. Pulmonary vein pressure
C. Systolic plumonary artery pressure
D. Tricuspid pressure half time

Answer 4

C

Question 5

While estimating the RVSP (right ventricular systolic pressure) from the peak TRV, the IVC diameter and respiratory collapse are used to estimate the____.
A. Left atrial pressure
B. LVEDP
C. Right atrial pressure
D. Write a ventricular diastolic pressure

Answer 5

C

Question 6

The pulmonic “a” wave normally eaquals to\_\_\_\_
A. 2.7mm
B. 27mm
C. .27cm
D. 2.7cm

Answer 6

A

Question 7

The 4C allows us to visualize the \_\_\_\_ wall and \_\_\_\_wall.
A. Anterolateral and inferolateral
B. Anteroseptal and inferoseptal
C. Inferios and anterior
D. Inferilateral and anteroseptal

Answer 7

A

Question 8

What is TAPSE?

Answer 8

Tricyspid annular plane systolic excursion

Question 9

TAPSE is_____.

Answer 9

A simple but good estimate of RV global function

Question 10

TAPSE <17mm indicates decreased RV function. T or F?

Answer 10

T

Question 11

RV dilatation is reported if the basal diameter is < 41mm and the mid dianeter is < 35mm. T or F?

Answer 11

F

> 41mm

Question 12

Cardiac index equations

Answer 12

CO/BSA

Note: BSA (body surface area)

Question 13

BSA equation

Answer 13

BSA = weight in lbs x height in inch x 3131 x 1/2

Question 14

SV equation

Answer 14

SV = EDV - ESV

Question 15

What is “Interval-Strength Relationship”?

Answer 15

The longer the interval btw heartbeats, the stronger the contraction required to eject the blood

Question 16

What is Frank-Sterling Law?

Answer 16

The more blood that enters the ventricle during diastole, the greater the force of contraction required to eject the blood

Question 17

Excessive wall motion

Answer 17

Hyperkinetic

Question 18

Inspiration/squatting ______ venous return & SV, CO

Expiration/standing ______ venous return & SV, CO

Answer 18

Increase

Decrease

*lower thoracic pressure = more blood to heart

Question 19

Decreased wall motion

Answer 19

Hypokinetic

Question 20

No movement/thickening of the myocardium

Answer 20

Akinetic

Question 21

Ischemic segment that is akinetic/not MI

Answer 21

Hibernation

Question 22

Movement away from the center of the activity/may indicate MI

Answer 22

Dyskinetic

Question 23

3 factors that may impact cardiac afterload

Answer 23

AS/PS
HTN
PH

Question 24

What is afterload?

Answer 24

The resistance that the heart must pump against

Question 25

Definition of HR

Answer 25

Numbers of heart beats per minute

Question 26

The greater the amount of blood entering the chamber, the greater the contraction required to expel the blood

Answer 26

Frank-Sterling law

Question 27

CO equation

Answer 27

SV x HR

Question 28

Describe diastolic function

Answer 28

Ventricles’ ability to relax and fill

Question 29

3DE is an excellent modality to evaluate cardiac chambers, assess valve function, and monitor intraoperative procedures. T or F?

Answer 29

T

Question 30

3 things that may impact 3DE by causing artifacts are:

Answer 30

Respiration ECG gating *arrhythmias create the biggest challenge Incorrect gain setting

Question 31

CO is dependent on SV & HR and the normal range is ____ L

Answer 31

4-8

Question 32

________ is a technique used to process signals so that directionally or spatially selected signals can be sent or received from sensor arrays.

Answer 32

Beamforming

Question 33

Much published data, reproducible, high temporal resolution is considered an advantage of M-mode. T or F?

Answer 33

T

Question 34

What is normal male range of EF?

Answer 34

52-72%

Question 35

List the wall segments that are seen in the PSAX view (6)

Answer 35

Anterior Anteroseptal Anterolateral Inferior Inferoseptal Inferolateral

Question 36

What is normal female range for EF?

Answer 36

54-74%

Question 37

When demonstrating flow across the AoV in A5C, flow moving systematically will appear _____ the baseline with CW and _____ with color Doppler.

Answer 37

Below | Blue

Question 38

List at least 4 major technical areas that are control on your ultrasound system that should be adjusted as you begin your echocardiogram.

Answer 38

Preset ECG signal Frequency Gain Harmonic

Question 39

Your patient has a history of emphysema. What might you encounter as you perform their echocardiogram?

Answer 39

Patients with a history of emphysema often demonstrate hyper inflated lungs that may cause difficult Parasternal window views. Subcostal windows are typically the best window in patients with emphysema

Question 40

List 4 items that are part of info imputed into the US system as you begin your echocardiogram.

Answer 40

Patient’s ``` Name ID DOB BP Height/weight Indication of exam ```

Question 41

Limitation of M mode (4)

Answer 41

One dimensional Frequently off axis beam alignment Assumes fixed LV geometry Apply to only normal LV geometry

Question 42

Spectral Doppler is a variation of Doppler that converts recorded flow frequencies into different colors allowing us to examine the direction and velocity of blood flow through the chambers and valves. T or F ?

Answer 42

F Color Doppler