Midterm 1 Flashcards
What is Acetylcholine produced from?
Choline + acetyl CoA (via ChAT)
What is Acetylcholine metabolized into?
Choline and acetic acid
What is the clinical relevance of Acetylcholine?
Antibodies that block cholinergic receptors causes Myasthenia Gravis
What are the three catecholamines?
Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
What are Catecholamines derived from?
AA tyrosine
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in synthesizing Catecholamines?
Tyrosine hydroxylase
What are the transporters that reuptake Catecholamines?
DAT and NET
What metabolizes Catecholamines?
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
What is the clinical relevance of Catecholamines?
Parkinson’s Disease
What is an abbreviation for Serotonin?
5-HT
What is Serotonin derived from?
AA tryptophan
What is 5-HTP catalyzed by to form Serotonin?
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)
What is the vesicular monoamine transporter for Serotonin?
VMAT2
What transporter is responsible for the reuptake of Serotonin?
5-HT T (SERT)
What metabolizes Serotonin?
MAO
What is the clinical relevance of Serotonin?
Depression
What are the three amino acid neurotransmitters?
Glutamate (proteinogenic), Glycine (proteinorgenic), and GABA (not proteinogenic)
What is the vesicular Glutamate transporter name?
vGLUT1-3
What is the reuptake transporter for Glutamate?
EAATs
What catalyzes glutamate into GABA?
GAD
What is the name of the vesicle transporter for GABA?
VGATs
What metabolizes GABA into succinate?
GABA-T
What is GABA’s clinical relevance?
Epilepsy, Anticonvulsants GAT-1 blocker and GABA-T inhibitor
What are endocannabinoids synthesized from?
Membrane lipids in response to increase calcium ions.
How do endocannabinoids work?
They permeate through membranes and reduce open calcium channels in the pre-synaptic membrane.
What receptors do endocannabinoids bind to?
CB1 receptors
