Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience 111 > I’m Deaf > Flashcards

I’m Deaf Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pinnacle do?

A

Collect sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the names of the three ossicles?

A

Malleus, incus, and stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the eardrum called?

A

Tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the ossicles do for the tympanic membrane?

A

Creates movement and causes more pressure to vibrate the cochlear fluid than the air could provide (amplifier)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three fluid filled chambers in the cochlea called?

A

Scala vestibuli, Scala media, Scala tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What separates the Scala vestibuli and Scala media?

A

Reissner’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What separates the Scala media and Scala tympani?

A

Basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the organ of corti?

A

On the basilar membrane (media side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the importance of the organ of corti?

A

It contains the auditory receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What hangs over the organ of corti that helps stimulate the hair cells?

A

Tectorial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the chambers that contain perilymph?

A

Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the chambers that contain endolymph?

A

The Scala media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the ion concentrations in the perilymph?

A

High Na+ Low K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the ion concentrations in the endolymph?

A

High K+ and Low Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes the ionic difference?

A

Stria vascularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the helicotrema?

A

Hole at the apex of the basilar membrane that connects vestibuli and tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the stapes push on the cochlea?

A

Oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a tonotopic map?

A

A place code on the basilar membrane that produced maxes amplitude deflection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the tips of stereocilia of hair cells touch?

A

Tectorial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do the outer hair cells bend in response to?

A

Tectorial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do the inner hair cells bend in response to?

A

Moving endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stereocilia have ____ gated ion channels

A

Mechanically

23
Q

What causes when the hair cells are bent the correct way?

A

K+ channels are forced open which depolarizes the cell

24
Q

Once hair cell is depolarized, what happens?

A

Ca2+ enters and causes NT transmission onto a nerve cell

25
Q

What is the ratio of outer hair cells to inner hair cells?

A

3:1

26
Q

What do the inner and outer hair cells communicate to?

A

Spiral ganglion cells

27
Q

What percent of spiral ganglion neurons communicate w/ inner hair cells?

A

95%

28
Q

One inner hair cell usually has ____ spiral ganglion attached

A

10

29
Q

How many spiral ganglion receive input from several outer hair cells?

A

1

30
Q

What is the purpose of outer hair cells?

A

Amplifying movement of the basilar membrane w/ low intensity sounds

31
Q

What protein is responsible for outer hair movements?

A

Prestin

32
Q

What happens if there’s no Prestin?

A

Near deafness

33
Q

What is the central auditory pathway?

A

Ventral cochlear nuclei -> superior olive -> inferior colliculus -> MGN -> Aud cortex

34
Q

When do binaural neurons first appear?

A

Superior olive

35
Q

What do the Olivary nucleus use to travel to the inferior colliculus?

A

Lateral lemniscus pathway

36
Q

IC projects to the ____

A

MGN in the thalamus

37
Q

The MGN project to the ____

A

Auditory cortex

38
Q

What is the characteristic frequency of a hair cell?

A

What frequency it is most responsive to

39
Q

Does greater amplitude of a sound cause more of less depolarization?

A

More, which leads to APs being fired at an increased rate

40
Q

What kind of sound produces basilar membrane movements over a longer distance? (Aka activates more hair cells)

A

Intense sounds

41
Q

What is loudness correlated with?

A

Number of active neurons and firing rates

42
Q

What encodes sound frequencies at <200Hz?

A

Phase locking (fire an AP at same cycle as sound)

43
Q

How are intermediate frequencies encoding with?

A

Phase locking and tonotopy

44
Q

What is the volley principle?

A

Intermediate sound frequencies display a pooled phase lock manner

45
Q

At <5 kHZ, what encodes sound frequencies?

A

Tonotopy

46
Q

What is interaural time delay?

A

Time diff from sound to hit one ear compared to another

47
Q

What is used to compare differences in each ear for continuous low tones? (20-2k Hz)

A

Time it takes for each CYCLE to hit the ear

48
Q

What is used to compare differences in each ear for continuous high tones (2k-20k Hz)?

A

Compared INTENSITY of the sound compared to both ears, whichever side is more intense is where the sound is coming from

49
Q

What determines vertical sound localization?

A

Reflection from the pinna

50
Q

How is the A1 structured?

A

Tonotopically

51
Q

Where do MGN neurons terminate in A1?

A

Layer 4

52
Q

What do Layers 2 and 3 of A1 contain?

A

Small pyramidal cells

53
Q

What do Layers 5 and 6 contain?

A

Mostly pyramidal cells

Neuroscience 111 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions