Brain Development Flashcards
What are the three germ cell layers near the beginning of development?
Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm
What does the Ectoderm become?
Nervous system and skin
What does Endoderm become?
Lining of internal organs
What does Mesoderm become?
Muscles and bones
What is Neurulation?
Process of making neural plate into neural tube
What does the neural tube become?
The CNS
What does the neural crest become?
The PNS
What can a failure of the anterior tube closing cause?
Anencephaly (caved in head looking thing)
What can a failure of the posterior tube closing cause?
Spina bifocals (spine bulge)
____ Deficiency can cause increase incidence of neural tube defects
Folic acid
What are the four things that come out of the neural tube? (Not the -ephalons)
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord
What are the three primary vesicles that form from the rostral end of the neural tube?
Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon
What does the prosencephalon differentiate into?
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
What does the rhombencephalon differentiate into?
Metencephalon andMyelencephalon
What does the telencephalon become?
Cerebrum
What does the diencephalon turn into?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What does the mesencephalon turn into?
Midbrain
What does the metencephalon turn into?
Cerebellum and Pons
What does the Myelencephalon turn into?
Medulla
What is the MAIN role of the cortex?
Analyzing sensory info and commanding motor outputs
What does the Basal Ganglia do?
Control voluntary movement
What are the two parts of the limbic system? What do those parts control?
Hippocampus and amygdala, memory and emotion respectively
What’s the main role of the thalamus?
Relays most sensory info minus olfaction
What is the hypothalamus’ main role?
Homeostasis and circadian rhythms
What is the direction of descending axons? (What to what)
Cortex to brain stem and spinal cord
What is the direction of ascending axons? (What to what)
Spinal cord and brain stem to cortex
What is the corticospinal tract?
Motor cortex to spinal motor neurons
What is the cerebellums main job?
Coordination of movements
What can damage to the cerebellum cause?
Ataxia (trouble with coordinated movements)
What is the medulla responsible for?
Unconscious stuff like heart rate, digestion, breathing, etc
What are the four cerebral hemispheres?
Temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital
Pretend you are going clockwise starting at the 9 clock hand. What order are the lobes?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
