Brain Development

Question 1

What are the three germ cell layers near the beginning of development?

Answer 1

Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm

Question 2

What does the Ectoderm become?

Answer 2

Nervous system and skin

Question 3

What does Endoderm become?

Answer 3

Lining of internal organs

Question 4

What does Mesoderm become?

Answer 4

Muscles and bones

Question 5

What is Neurulation?

Answer 5

Process of making neural plate into neural tube

Question 6

What does the neural tube become?

Answer 6

The CNS

Question 7

What does the neural crest become?

Answer 7

The PNS

Question 8

What can a failure of the anterior tube closing cause?

Answer 8

Anencephaly (caved in head looking thing)

Question 9

What can a failure of the posterior tube closing cause?

Answer 9

Spina bifocals (spine bulge)

Question 10

____ Deficiency can cause increase incidence of neural tube defects

Answer 10

Folic acid

Question 11

What are the four things that come out of the neural tube? (Not the -ephalons)

Answer 11

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord

Question 12

What are the three primary vesicles that form from the rostral end of the neural tube?

Answer 12

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon

Question 13

What does the prosencephalon differentiate into?

Answer 13

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Question 14

What does the rhombencephalon differentiate into?

Answer 14

Metencephalon andMyelencephalon

Question 15

What does the telencephalon become?

Answer 15

Cerebrum

Question 16

What does the diencephalon turn into?

Answer 16

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 17

What does the mesencephalon turn into?

Answer 17

Midbrain

Question 18

What does the metencephalon turn into?

Answer 18

Cerebellum and Pons

Question 19

What does the Myelencephalon turn into?

Answer 19

Medulla

Question 20

What is the MAIN role of the cortex?

Answer 20

Analyzing sensory info and commanding motor outputs

Question 21

What does the Basal Ganglia do?

Answer 21

Control voluntary movement

Question 22

What are the two parts of the limbic system? What do those parts control?

Answer 22

Hippocampus and amygdala, memory and emotion respectively

Question 23

What’s the main role of the thalamus?

Answer 23

Relays most sensory info minus olfaction

Question 24

What is the hypothalamus’ main role?

Answer 24

Homeostasis and circadian rhythms

Question 25

What is the direction of descending axons? (What to what)

Answer 25

Cortex to brain stem and spinal cord

Question 26

What is the direction of ascending axons? (What to what)

Answer 26

Spinal cord and brain stem to cortex

Question 27

What is the corticospinal tract?

Answer 27

Motor cortex to spinal motor neurons

Question 28

What is the cerebellums main job?

Answer 28

Coordination of movements

Question 29

What can damage to the cerebellum cause?

Answer 29

Ataxia (trouble with coordinated movements)

Question 30

What is the medulla responsible for?

Answer 30

Unconscious stuff like heart rate, digestion, breathing, etc

Question 31

What are the four cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 31

Temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital

Question 32

Pretend you are going clockwise starting at the 9 clock hand. What order are the lobes?

Answer 32

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal