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Year 10 2022 > Mid Topic Test Term 1 (Chemistry) > Flashcards

Mid Topic Test Term 1 (Chemistry) Flashcards

1
Q

Proton (Charge)

A

Positive

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2
Q

Proton (Location)

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Proton (Relative Size)

A

x 1836

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4
Q

Electron (Charge)

A

Negative

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5
Q

Electron (Location)

A

Electron Shells

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6
Q

Electron (Relative Size)

A

x1

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7
Q

Neutron (Charge)

A

0

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8
Q

Neutron (Relative Size)

A

x 1836

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9
Q

Neutron (Location)

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons and electrons in the atom.

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11
Q

Atomic Mass

A

The average number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

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12
Q

Element

A

A pure substance consisting only of one type of atom that all have the same numbers of protons in their nucleus. (Cannot be broken down into simpler substances).

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13
Q

Compound

A

A chemical substance is composed of many identical molecules composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.

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14
Q

Transition Metals

A

Properties:

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Solid at room temp
  • Physical properties like metals
  • Chemical properties like non-metals
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15
Q

Halogens

A

Properties:

  • Highly Reactive
  • Low Melting and Boiling Points
  • Reactivity decreases down the table group.
  • Exist as diatomic molecules.
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16
Q

Noble Gases

A

Properties:

  • Unreactive non-metal gases
  • Low density
  • Non-flammable
  • Low boiling points
  • Bp and density increase down the group
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17
Q

Alkali Metals

A

Properties:

  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Very soft
  • React with water to produce a metal OH- solution and hydrogen gas
  • Reactivity increases down the group
  • All are highly reactive
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18
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals

A
  • All shiny
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Reactivity increases down the group.
  • React with halogens to form ionic salts.
  • All apart from beryllium react with water to form OH-.
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19
Q

Alkali Metals trend

A

Increases reactivity down the group.

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20
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals trend

A

Increases reactivity down the group.

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21
Q

Halogens trend

A

Decreases reactivity down the group.

22
Q

Metal Location on periodic table

A

Everything apart from the edge of Boron.

23
Q

Non-metal location on periodic table

A

Edge of Boron to the rest of the right side.

24
Q

Boron

A

Group 13 Period 2

25
Q

Iodine

A

Group 17 Period 5

26
Q

Calcium

A

Group 2 Period 4

27
Q

Beryllium

A

Group 2 Period 2

28
Q

Maximum Electron Configuration

A

2 8 8 2

29
Q

Valence Electron

A

Electrons in the outermost shell of the atom that determine an atom’s or group’s ability to bond with others.

30
Q

Ionic Bond

A

A type of chemical bonding that involves the attraction between oppositely charged ions with sharply different electronegativities.

31
Q

Ionic Bond Formation

A

Formed when atoms gain or lose e-. Formed when electrons are transferred between atoms.

32
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Involves sharing electrons because both elements have high electronegativities.

33
Q

Covalent Bond formation

A

when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur to form ions, it rather shares electrons. The sharing can be equal (non-polar), or unequal (polar).

34
Q

Metallic Bond

A

Arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively charged ions.

35
Q

Metallic Bond Formation

A

Bonds between atoms in a metal held together by a crystalline lattice. (‘ In a sea of free electrons’).

36
Q

The Octet Rule

A

Atoms are happy with a full valence shell.

Acheived by gaining or losing electrons.

37
Q

Ion

A

any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges.

38
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

39
Q

Cation Formation

A

When an atom loses one or more electrons: the loss of the negatively-charged electron(s) results in an overall positive charge.

40
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

41
Q

Anion Formation

A

Are formed from the gain of one or more electrons.

42
Q

Polyatomic Ion

A

An ion with more than 1 type of atom. Usually a non-metal.

43
Q

Group in periodic table

A

The vertical columns of the periodic table. Correspond to the number of valence shells.

44
Q

Period in periodic table

A

The horizonal rows of the periodic table.

Correspond to the total number of shells.

45
Q

What are the 3 types of chemical bonds

A

Metallic
Ionic
Covalent

46
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

What holds atoms together in molecules and enables the formation of chemical compounds.

47
Q

Brittle

A

Hard but liable to break easily.

48
Q

Malleable

A

Able to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking or cracking.

49
Q

Ductile

A

Ability to be drawn or plastically deformed without fracture.

50
Q

Lustrous (Metallic Lustre)

A

The shiny appearance in metals.

Year 10 2022 (11 decks)

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