Cell Structures and Functions Flashcards
Cellular Theory/Organlles Study
Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
The types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that does not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
One-celled organisms: e.g. bacteria
Eukaryotic
Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Cell Membrane
Has a double layer, and is the outer edge of a cell that controls movement in and out of the cell.
Cell Wall
Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells
Nucleus
Directs cell activities
Separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material - DNA
Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds and separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Consists of two layers, and openings allow materials to enter and leave the nucleus.
Chromosomes
In nucleus
Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
Nucleolus
Composed mainly of RNA, DNA and nucleolus are suspended in a jelly-like nucleoplasm.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth)
The smooth ER is involved in the combination of lipids, including cholesterol and phospholipids, which are used in the production of a new cellular membrane.
Ribosomes
Very small and spherical. Amino acids are joined together at the ribosomes.`
Mitochondrion
Spherical or elongated structures spread through the cytoplasm. Mitochondria release energy for the cell through the process of respiration.
Golgi Apparatus
Proteins are modified and packaged in vesicles that are secreted from the cell.
