Biomechanics Revision

Question 1

Internal Forces

Answer 1

Forces that our muscles can produce.

Generated by the action of muscles on the skeletal system.

Question 2

External Forces

Answer 2

External Forces are outside the body, like gravity.

Generated outside the body.

Question 3

3 Good Reasons for Biomechanics

Answer 3

• Improve performance
• Select appropriate equipment
• Prevent injuries.

Question 4

3 Types of Analysis

Answer 4

• Lab Testing
• Field Testing
• Competition Analysis

Question 5

Lab Testing

Answer 5

• Simulated under Lab conditions so factors can be controlled.
• Allows equipment to be set up close to the athletes’ or his performance.

Question 6

Field Testing

Answer 6

• Performance is analysed in training while sustaining performance in the usual setting.
• Set up according to the surroundings.

Question 7

Competition Analysis

Answer 7

The analysis is performed while they are acting in an event during a competition.

Question 8

Motion

Answer 8

The change of the location or direction of a body over time.

Question 9

Linear Motion

Answer 9

A change in position from one point to another in a straight line in one dimension, the same distance, time, speed and direction.

Question 10

Angular Motion

Answer 10

Takes place when a body moves around an axis of rotation.

Question 11

3 Axis of Rotation

Answer 11

Transverse, Sagittal, Frontal

Question 12

Transverse Plane

Answer 12

An anatomical plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. (top half and bottom half).

Example of Use:
Hip rotation in a golf swing, twisting in a discus throw, pivoting in netball, spinning in skating.

Question 13

Sagittal Plane

Answer 13

An anatomical plane that divides the body into two halves (left and right).

Example of Use:
Sprinting, running, and backwards running or bike pedalling.

Question 14

Frontal Plane

Answer 14

An anatomical plane that separates the body into front and back portions.

Example of Use:
Jumping jack exercises, raising and lowering arms and legs sideways, cartwheel.

Question 15

General Motion

Answer 15

A combination of both linear and angular rotation.

Question 16

Projectile Motion

Answer 16

The flight of a body through the air and moves along a curved path under the action of gravity only.

Question 17

Linear Kinetics

Answer 17

Concerns the causes of linear motion.

Question 18

Inertia

Answer 18

The ability of a body or object to remain at rest or at a constant velocity.

Question 19

Mass

Answer 19

The quantity of matter making up a body.

Question 20

Force

Answer 20

The push or pull that causes motion on an object.

The push or pull action that causes an increase in the velocity of an object.

Question 21

Newton’s First Law of Motion (Inertia)

Answer 21

A body at rest (A body can be an object) will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force.

Question 22

Newton’s Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)

Answer 22

When an object is acted on a constant force its acceleration is proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass.

Question 23

Newton’s Third Law of Motion (Law of Action-Reaction)

Answer 23

To every action, there is always an equal or opposite reaction.

Question 24

Applied Forces

Answer 24

Those are generated by the action of muscles and applied to surfaces or objects.
Classified into Isometric and Isotonic Forces.

Question 25

Isometric Forces

Answer 25

Action forces that Don’t Involve the contraction of muscles, or change in length of muscles.

Examples:

Gripping a racket, pushing against a wall.

Question 26

Isotonic Forces

Answer 26

When the applied force is sufficient to change the motion of an object.

Examples:
Passing a ball, Pushing off diving blocks for a swimming start.

Question 27

2 types of Isotonic Forces

Answer 27

Maximal Forces

Submaximal Forces

Question 28

Maximal Forces

Answer 28

Maximal contraction by the muscles produces an all-out effect. To achieve maximal force, perfect timing and technique are required.

Question 29

Submaximal Forces

Answer 29

Graduated muscle contraction to achieve a controlled movement. The performer must be able to apply the correct amount of submaximal force to achieve optimal performance.

Question 30

Reaction Forces

Answer 30

When any force is applied a similar force opposes it from outside the body.

Question 31

2 main principles of affecting the application of force to an object

Answer 31

1. The greater the applied force the greater acceleration in a given direction of an object.
2. The greater the mass of an object, the greater the force required to move it.

Question 32

Acceleration

Answer 32

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Question 33

Mass/Weight

Answer 33

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