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Year 10 2022 > Biological Sciences > Flashcards

Biological Sciences Flashcards

Study for Final Biology Test

1
Q

Genome

A

The complete genetic information carried by a haploid of chromosomes.

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2
Q

Gene

A

Genetic information that codes for a protein product/A section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic.

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3
Q

Allele

A

Different types of the same gene.
Each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

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4
Q

Dominant

A

The characteristic that is exposed when present.
Dominant traits are always expressed when the connected allele is dominant, even if only one copy of the dominant trait exists.

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5
Q

Recessive

A

The trait that is only exposed when both alleles are recessive, is hidden when there is a present dominant allele.

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6
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles (both dominant and recessive)

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7
Q

Homozygous

A

Two of the same allele (EE or ee)

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8
Q

Autosome

A

All the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.

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9
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

Refers to the chromosmes present in the gametes. They determine the gender of an individual. (The X & Y chromosomes)

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10
Q

Genotype

A

The complete set of genetic material and refers to the two alleles a person has for a specific gene.

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical characteristic of a trait that can be observed and seen.

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12
Q

Sex-Linked

A

The genes that are present on the sex chromosomes

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13
Q

Autosomal

A

Autosomal traits are controlled by genes on one of the 22 pairs of autosomes. The normal body cells, any cells that are not related to your gametes.

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

The organelle that is responsible for holding the genetic information in a cell.

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15
Q

Nucleotide

A

The building blocks of DNA. A nucleotide consists of a base (one of four chemicals: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) plus a molecule of sugar and one of phosphoric acid.

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16
Q

Chromosomes

A

Thread-like structure in the nucleus, composed of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information in the form of genes.

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17
Q

Mitosis

A

The type of cell division that produces 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell.

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18
Q

Meiosis

A

The type of cell division that produces gametes that are half the number of chromosomes from the parents.

19
Q

Diploid

A

Two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells. (2n)

(Like the haploid sperm and ova forming a diploid zygote).

20
Q

Haploid

A

The presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells in which half is taken from each parent cell during mieosis.

(Human gametes (egg and sperm cells), contain a single set of chromosomes EACH and are said to be haploid.)

21
Q

Main Function of DNA

A

The blueprint of cellular life and codes all the cellular functions that build an organism.

22
Q

Shape and Abbreviation of DNA

A

DNA is shaped like a double-helix and stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid.

23
Q

The 4 Nitrogen Bases

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

24
Q

What is DNA Replication and why does it occur.

A

the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells. Whenever a cell divides the 2 new daughter cells must contain together with the same genetic information. It occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

25
Q

How many chromosomes in the human body

A

46 Chromosomes

26
Q

How many chromosomes in the human gametes

A

23 chromosomes

27
Q

Which gamete is responsible for determining the sex of offspring

A

Sperm

28
Q

Sex Chromosome in the ova

A

X

29
Q

Sex chromosome in the sperm

A

X or Y

30
Q

Where in the body does Mitosis occur

A

Somatic Cells

31
Q

Where in the body does meiosis occur

A

Gametes

32
Q

Purpose of Mitosis

A

For the growth of an organism, and the healing of cells.

33
Q

Purpose of Meiosis

A

To produce gametes, the sperm and eggs, with half of the genetic complement of the parent cells.

34
Q

Type of cells made in Mitosis

A

Somatic Cells

35
Q

Type of cells made in Meiosis

A

Sex Cells

36
Q

Amount of daughter cells produced in mitosis

A

2

37
Q

Amount of daughter cells produced in Meiosis

A

4

38
Q

Amount of cells involved in cell mitosis

A

1 cell

39
Q

Amount of cells involved in Meiosis

A

2 cells

40
Q

Are the new daughter cells made in Mitosis Diploid/Haploid

A

Diploid

41
Q

Are the new daughter cells in Meiosis Diploid/Haploid

A

Haploid

42
Q

Are Mitosis daughter cells Identical/Unique

A

Identical

43
Q

Are Meiosis daughter cells identical/unique

A

Unique

Year 10 2022 (11 decks)

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