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Histopathology > Microtomy > Flashcards

Microtomy Flashcards

1
Q

microtomy: process whereby the tissues are _____ into uniformly thin slices or sections to facilitate the studies under microscope

A

trimmed and cut uniformly

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2
Q

process whereby the excess wax is cut off from the block to expose the issue surface in preparation for actual cutting

A

trimming

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3
Q

process whereby the tissues are cut into uniformly thin slices

A

sectioning/section cutting

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4
Q

sliding microtome was developed by ___ in _____.

A

Adams in 1789

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5
Q

two types of microtome

A
  • Base-sledge microtome
  • Standard sliding microtome
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6
Q

sliding microtome is for cutting ___

A

celloidin embedded sections

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7
Q

this microtome is used in lab for sectioning very hard tissue or blocks. most dangerous because of its movable exposed knife.

A

base-sledge microtome

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8
Q

rotary microtome was developed by ___ in ____

A

minot in 1885-1886

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9
Q

rotary microtome is for?

A

cutting paraffin embedded sections

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10
Q

most popular microtome and the most common type used for routine and research studies.

A

rotary microtome

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11
Q

rocking microtome also known as the ____ was developed by ___ and ____ in 1881

A

Cambridge

developed by Paldwell and Trefall

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12
Q

rocking microtome is the simplest used for cutting ____ of paraffin embedded tissues

A

serial sections of large blocks

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13
Q

freezing microtome was invented by ___ in ___

A

Queckket in 1848

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14
Q

freezing microtome is replaced in most lab by the ___ which is easier to operate

A

cryostat

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15
Q

ultrathin microtome is used for cutting specimens intro extremely thin slices ____ for ____ microscopy.

A

0.5u for electron microscopy

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16
Q

enumerate the types of microtome knives

A
  • place concave
  • biconcave
  • plane wedge
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17
Q

biconcave is used in ____ microtome, ____ in length

A

used in rotary microtome, 120mm in length

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18
Q

concave side is for the ___
flat/straight for ____
both sides straight ____

A

concave: paraffin sections
flat/straight: celloidin tissues
both sides straight: frozen sections/hard specimens

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19
Q

plane concave knife is used for what microtome?

A
  • Base-sledge/sliding microtome
  • rocking microtome
  • rotary microtome
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20
Q

plane wedge knife is used for?

A
  • Base-sledge/sliding microtome
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21
Q

LENGTH:
plane concave:
plane wedge:

A

plane concave: 25 mm in length
plance wedge: 100 mm in length

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22
Q

paraffin thickness

A

4-6 u thick

23
Q

enumerate the type of tissue sections

A
  • Parrafin section
  • Celloidin
  • Frozen
24
Q

paraffin section may be cut by?

A

rotary and rocking microtome

25
Q

celloidin section thickness

A

10-15 u thick

26
Q

celloidin section is used by means of the ____ microtome

A

sliding microtome

27
Q

used to remove the gross nicks and irregularities on the knife

A

honing

28
Q

direction of honing

A

heel to toe (edge first)

29
Q

types of hone

A
  • carborundum
  • arkansas stone
  • yellow belgian/belgium
  • belgian black vein
30
Q

hone used only for badly nicked knives

A

carborundum

31
Q

arkansas stone is a stone for?

A

medium fineness

32
Q

belgian black vein is also called __

A

oil stones

33
Q

the finest hone which gives the best result

A

yellow belgian/belgium

34
Q

enumerate the oils used in belgian black vein

A
  • light machine oil
  • liquid paraffin oil (mineral oil)
  • vegetable oil
  • xylene (evaporates easily)
  • natural oil (messy)
35
Q

process whereby the burr formed during honing is removed and the cutting edge of the knife is polished

A

stropping

36
Q

direction of stropping of stropping and the purpose

A

direction: toe to heel (edge last)
purpose: polish and sharpen the knife

37
Q

used to flatten sections

A

floating-out bath

38
Q

floating-out bath is aa circular, thermostatically controlled bath ____ in diameter and ____ in depth

A

10-12 inches in diameter
3-4 inches in depth

39
Q

t or f: the inside surface of a floating-out bath is clear thus enabling easier visualization of sections

A

false, inside surface of a floating-out bath is black

40
Q

for the floating-out bath, thermostat should be set at ___C about ___C below the melting point of the wax

A

be set at 45C (45-50 C) about 10C (6-10C)

41
Q

used for fluorescent antibody staining techniques or histochemical studies, for rapid preparation of urgent tissue biopsies

A

cryostat/cold microtome

42
Q

the microtome inside the cryostat

A

rotary

43
Q

2 methods of staining in cryostat sections

A
  • H&E staining
  • Polycrhome methylene blue (Loeffler’s polychrome methylene blue)
44
Q

this is utilized when a rapid diagnosis of the issues is required and is essentially recommended when lipids and nervous tissues elements are to be demonstrated

A

frozen sections

45
Q

advantages of frozen sections

A
  1. For certain staining procedures:
    - demonstration of fat by the Oil Red O methid
    - silver impregnation method (CNS/Neuropathology)
    - immunofluorescence and immunocytochemical staining
  2. essential for rapid diagnosis during operation
46
Q

enumerate the 2 methods of preparing frozen sections

A
  • cold knife procedure
  • cryostat procedure (cold microtome)
47
Q

enumerate the commonly used methods of freezing

A
  • liquid nitrogen
  • isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen
  • carbon dioxide gas
  • aerosol sprays
48
Q

special processing techniques

A

freeze drying and freeze substitution

49
Q

preserving tissues by rapid freezing (quenching) and removing water (dessication) by a physical process without the use of any chemical fixative

A

freeze drying

50
Q

freeze drying tissue size

A

2 mm thick

51
Q

complete processing time of freeze drying

A

24 - 48 hrs

52
Q

in freeze substitution, tissue is fixed in ____ or in ____ and dehydrated in absolute alcohol

A

Rossman’s fluid or in 1% acetone

53
Q

Rossman’s fluid components

A

saturated picric acid + formaldehyde

Histopathology (16 decks)

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